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Chronic Uveitis in Children
Pawan Kumar1, Anju Gupta2, Reema Bansal3
1Pediatric Allergy Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigrah, 160012, India.
Indian Journal of Pediatrics
|November 3, 2021
Summary
Managing chronic childhood uveitis in India reveals significant challenges. Most cases involve anterior uveitis, often linked to juvenile idiopathic arthritis, with many cases having unknown causes and frequent ocular complications requiring long-term immunosuppression.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Pediatric Rheumatology
- Immunology
Background:
- Chronic childhood uveitis presents a significant management challenge in pediatric care.
- Understanding the etiology, treatment, and outcomes is crucial for improving patient prognosis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To describe the clinical experience of managing chronic childhood uveitis.
- To analyze the demographics, treatments, complications, and outcomes in a tertiary care setting in India.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective and prospective analysis of 67 children with chronic uveitis from 2005-2012.
- Data collection included demographics, uveitis type, etiology, treatment, and surgical procedures.
- Comprehensive ophthalmological examinations assessed visual acuity, IOP, and ocular complications.
Main Results:
- Anterior uveitis was most common (45 children), with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) as the leading identified cause.
- Idiopathic uveitis accounted for 43% of cases.
- Ocular complications occurred in 87% of patients, including posterior synechiae, band-shaped keratopathy, and cataracts.
- Only 16% of eyes achieved remission off therapy after a mean follow-up of 3.95 years.
Conclusions:
- A significant proportion (43%) of chronic childhood uveitis cases remain idiopathic.
- Juvenile idiopathic arthritis is the most frequent identifiable cause.
- Chronic uveitis in children is associated with high rates of ocular complications and persistent inflammation requiring long-term immunosuppression.
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