Enhanced antibacterial effect against Enterococcus faecalis by silver ions plus Triton X-100 with low concentrations
Mengting Duan1, Qing Sun1, Wei Fan2
1The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
Abstract:
Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) is commonly considered to be one of chief culprits of secondary and persistent root canal infections. As antibiotic resistance has become a global issue, in order to reduce the use of antibiotics, metal ions have recently been widely used as an alternative. Silver ions (Ag+) have been proved to be a strong bactericide but with high cytotoxicity and discoloration property. Triton X-100 (TX-100) and Ag+ were co-used for the first time as a clinical intracanal medication to obtain both enhanced antibacterial effect and low cytotoxicity. The synergistic antibacterial effect of TX-100 + Ag+ was tested on both planktonic and biofilm-resident E. faecalis on dentine. And the cytotoxicity was tested on MC3T3-E1 cells. Results confirmed the antibacterial activity against both planktonic and biofilm-resident E. faecalis was dramatically improved after TX-100 incorporation. TX-100 and Ag+ mixture demonstrated a similar inhibitory effect as the 2% chlorhexidine (CHX), while the cytotoxicity was much lower than 2% CHX (p < 0.05). In conclusion, TX-100 + Ag+ mixture might be developed into a new effective intracanal medication as the 2% CHX.
Insights
A new combination of Triton X-100 and silver ions (Ag+) shows enhanced antibacterial effects against Enterococcus faecalis root canal infections. This mixture offers a promising alternative to antibiotics with reduced cytotoxicity compared to chlorhexidine.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Microbiology
- Dental Materials Science
Background:
- Enterococcus faecalis is a primary cause of persistent root canal infections.
- Antibiotic resistance necessitates alternative antimicrobial strategies.
- Silver ions (Ag+) are potent bactericides but exhibit cytotoxicity and discoloration.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the synergistic antibacterial effect of Triton X-100 (TX-100) and Ag+ as an intracanal medication.
- To assess the cytotoxicity of the TX-100 + Ag+ combination on dental cells.
- To compare the efficacy and safety of TX-100 + Ag+ with existing treatments like chlorhexidine.
Main Methods:
- Tested the antibacterial activity of TX-100 + Ag+ against planktonic and biofilm-resident E. faecalis on dentine.
- Assessed the cytotoxicity of the mixture on MC3T3-E1 cells.
- Compared the inhibitory effect and cytotoxicity with 2% chlorhexidine (CHX).
Main Results:
- TX-100 significantly enhanced the antibacterial activity of Ag+ against both planktonic and biofilm E. faecalis.
- The TX-100 + Ag+ mixture demonstrated comparable antibacterial efficacy to 2% CHX.
- The combination therapy exhibited significantly lower cytotoxicity than 2% CHX.
Conclusions:
- The synergistic combination of TX-100 and Ag+ is a highly effective intracanal antimicrobial agent.
- This novel formulation presents a potentially safer alternative to 2% CHX for root canal disinfection.
- TX-100 + Ag+ warrants further development as a clinical intracanal medication.
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