Review on natural killer/T-cell lymphoma

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Immunology
• Pathogenesis

Background:

• Extranodal natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL) is strongly associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV).
• ENKTL predominantly affects Asian and Latin American populations, with 85% originating from NK cells.
• Genetic mutations in pathways like JAK/STAT and epigenetic dysregulation contribute to ENKTL development.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive overview of extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL).
• To discuss the pathogenesis, diagnostic approaches, prognostic indicators, and current management strategies for ENKTL.
• To highlight recent advancements and future directions in ENKTL research, including immunotherapy.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on ENKTL pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment.
• Analysis of molecular mechanisms including gene mutations and epigenetic factors.
• Evaluation of current therapeutic regimens and emerging treatment modalities.

Main Results:

• Radiotherapy is a primary treatment for early-stage ENKTL.
• L-asparaginase-based regimens are recommended for advanced or refractory ENKTL, achieving remission but limited long-term survival.
• Despite treatment advances, overall survival for advanced/relapsed ENKTL remains poor.

Conclusions:

• ENKTL pathogenesis involves complex molecular alterations and EBV association.
• Effective management requires tailored approaches based on stage, with ongoing research focusing on immunotherapy and novel targets.
• Improving long-term outcomes for ENKTL necessitates further investigation into targeted therapies and immunotherapeutic strategies.