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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 14, 2025

Evaluating Postural Control and Lower-extremity Muscle Activation in Individuals with Chronic Ankle Instability
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Evaluating Postural Control and Lower-extremity Muscle Activation in Individuals with Chronic Ankle Instability

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[Quantitative classification of pivot-shift maneuver].

E Berumen-Nafarrate1, J Carmona-González2, J J Tonche-Ramos2

  • 1Ortopedia y Traumatología, Hospital Christus Mugerza del Parque. Chihuahua, Chihuahua. México.

Acta Ortopedica Mexicana
|November 3, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Quantifying physical exam maneuvers for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries aids diagnosis. This study proposes a new classification for ACL injury degrees based on these measurements, enabling personalized treatment.

Keywords:
Cruciate ligamentclassificationdiagnosisinstabilitymeasurement

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Sports Medicine
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • Diagnosis of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries relies on physical examinations like the Lachman maneuver and pivot-shift test.
  • While MRI confirms ACL tears, quantifying clinical maneuvers is crucial for objective assessment.
  • There is a need for standardized methods to quantify these diagnostic tests.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the Lachman and pivot-shift maneuvers in patients with ACL injuries.
  • To develop a classification system for ACL injury severity based on quantified clinical findings.
  • To establish a basis for more personalized ACL reconstruction strategies.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective clinical study was conducted.
  • The Lachman and pivot-shift maneuvers were quantitatively assessed in 36 patients.
  • Data from the KT-1000 arthrometer were collected and analyzed.

Main Results:

  • 64% of patients showed a displacement of 0-3 mm when comparing injured to healthy knees.
  • 28% of patients had KT-1000 values indicating 4-6 mm of displacement.
  • 8% of patients exhibited displacement exceeding 7 mm, leading to a proposed 3-degree injury classification.

Conclusions:

  • A novel classification system for ACL injury degrees has been proposed.
  • This classification is based on quantified results from the Lachman and pivot-shift tests.
  • The proposed system aims to facilitate more personalized surgical reconstruction for ACL injuries.