Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Long-term Potentiation01:25

Long-term Potentiation

3.0K
Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Hebbian LTP
LTP can occur when...
3.0K
Integration of Synaptic Events01:28

Integration of Synaptic Events

2.4K
Synaptic integration mainly includes the summation of graded potentials. Graded potentials, regardless of their type, cause subtle alterations in membrane voltage, resulting in either depolarization or hyperpolarization. These incremental changes, when combined or summed, can propel the neuron toward its threshold. Consider, for example, a membrane experiencing a +15 mV shift, causing it to depolarize from -70 mV to -55 mV. In this scenario, graded potentials govern the membrane's ability to...
2.4K
Postsynaptic Potential (PSP)01:32

Postsynaptic Potential (PSP)

3.7K
Postsynaptic potential (PSP) refers to a change in the electrical potential of a neuron when neurotransmitters released by presynaptic neurons bind to postsynaptic receptors. This potential can either be excitatory, leading to depolarization and ultimately action potential generation, or inhibitory, leading to hyperpolarization and suppression of the postsynaptic neuron.
There are two types of receptors: ionotropic and metabotropic.
The ionotropic receptor is the membrane protein that has an...
3.7K
Long-term Depression01:03

Long-term Depression

2.7K
Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Calcium Ion Concentration Mechanism
If over...
2.7K
Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

27
Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
27
Synaptic Signaling01:09

Synaptic Signaling

5.9K
Neurons communicate at synapses, or junctions, to excite or inhibit the activity of other neurons or target cells, such as muscles. Synapses may be chemical or electrical.
Most synapses are chemical, meaning an electrical impulse or action potential spurs the release of chemical messengers called neurotransmitters. The neuron sending the signal is called the presynaptic neuron, and the neuron receiving the signal is the postsynaptic neuron.
The presynaptic neuron fires an action potential that...
5.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Enhancing Round Window Membrane Permeability for Inner Ear Drug Delivery: A Systematic Review.

Tissue engineering. Part B, Reviews·2026
Same author

Compensatory Interplay Between Clarin-1 and Clarin-2 Deafness-Associated Proteins Governs Phenotypic Variability in Hearing.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026
Same author

Brain Monoamine Deficits in the CD Mouse Model of Williams-Beuren Syndrome.

Biomolecules·2025
Same author

Medial Olivocochlear Efferent Modulation of Cochlear Micromechanics Requires P2X4 Receptor in Outer Hair Cells.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2025
Same author

Mammalian TMC1 or 2 are necessary for scramblase activity in auditory hair cells.

Hearing research·2025
Same author

The role of gene-environment interactions in social dysfunction: Focus on preclinical evidence from mouse studies.

Neuropharmacology·2024
Same journal

The predictive power of neuropsychological measures in MCI: early detection of dementia conversion.

Frontiers in aging neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Age-associated neuronal micronuclei formation and transfer to microglia.

Frontiers in aging neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Ershiwuwei Shanhu Pill ameliorates cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease mice by remodeling gut microbiota and host serum metabolites.

Frontiers in aging neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Behind the scenes of a 7T MRI clinical study in Alzheimer's disease: challenges and recommendations for future research.

Frontiers in aging neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Striatal functional connectivity alterations in mild cognitive impairment subtypes defined by CSF A/T biomarkers.

Frontiers in aging neuroscience·2026
Same journal

State sensitivity and five-year longitudinal stability of resting-state EEG biomarker candidates in healthy adults.

Frontiers in aging neuroscience·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 14, 2025

Immunolabeling and Counting Ribbon Synapses in Young Adult and Aged Gerbil Cochleae
08:25

Immunolabeling and Counting Ribbon Synapses in Young Adult and Aged Gerbil Cochleae

Published on: April 21, 2022

2.6K

Synaptic Release Potentiation at Aging Auditory Ribbon Synapses.

Thibault Peineau1,2, Séverin Belleudy1, Susanna Pietropaolo3

  • 1Neurophysiologie de la Synapse Auditive, INSERM UMRS 1120, Bordeaux Neurocampus, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience
|November 4, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Aging damages inner hair cell (IHC) ribbon synapses, causing hearing loss. Paradoxically, surviving synapses show enhanced function, potentially explaining hyperacusis in aged mice.

Keywords:
Ca2+ channelsauditory hair cellsexocytosishyperacusissynaptic ribbonssynaptopathy

More Related Videos

Morphological and Functional Evaluation of Ribbon Synapses at Specific Frequency Regions of the Mouse Cochlea
09:54

Morphological and Functional Evaluation of Ribbon Synapses at Specific Frequency Regions of the Mouse Cochlea

Published on: May 10, 2019

12.2K
Postsynaptic Recordings at Afferent Dendrites Contacting Cochlear Inner Hair Cells: Monitoring Multivesicular Release at a Ribbon Synapse
11:45

Postsynaptic Recordings at Afferent Dendrites Contacting Cochlear Inner Hair Cells: Monitoring Multivesicular Release at a Ribbon Synapse

Published on: February 10, 2011

18.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 14, 2025

Immunolabeling and Counting Ribbon Synapses in Young Adult and Aged Gerbil Cochleae
08:25

Immunolabeling and Counting Ribbon Synapses in Young Adult and Aged Gerbil Cochleae

Published on: April 21, 2022

2.6K
Morphological and Functional Evaluation of Ribbon Synapses at Specific Frequency Regions of the Mouse Cochlea
09:54

Morphological and Functional Evaluation of Ribbon Synapses at Specific Frequency Regions of the Mouse Cochlea

Published on: May 10, 2019

12.2K
Postsynaptic Recordings at Afferent Dendrites Contacting Cochlear Inner Hair Cells: Monitoring Multivesicular Release at a Ribbon Synapse
11:45

Postsynaptic Recordings at Afferent Dendrites Contacting Cochlear Inner Hair Cells: Monitoring Multivesicular Release at a Ribbon Synapse

Published on: February 10, 2011

18.7K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Otolaryngology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Age-related hearing loss is linked to cochlear synaptopathy, specifically degeneration of inner hair cell (IHC) ribbon synapses.
  • The precise functional changes at these synapses during aging remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the aging process and functional changes in IHC ribbon synapses in C57BL/6J mice, a model for early age-related hearing loss.

Main Methods:

  • Auditory brainstem response testing.
  • Analysis of IHC synaptic ribbon and postsynaptic AMPAR cluster morphology.
  • Assessment of presynaptic Ca2+ microdomains and BK channel expression in aged mice.

Main Results:

  • Aged mice showed a 50% loss of IHC synaptic ribbons and increased auditory brainstem thresholds.
  • Despite synapse loss, remaining synapses exhibited enlarged presynaptic ribbons and postsynaptic AMPAR clusters.
  • Increased presynaptic Ca2+ microdomains and exocytosis capacity, coupled with decreased BK channel expression, suggest enhanced synaptic transmission.

Conclusions:

  • Age-related synaptic plasticity in IHCs leads to functional potentiation at surviving synapses.
  • This potentiation may partially compensate for synapse loss and contribute to hyperacusis observed in aging.