Thyroid Hormone Plays an Important Role in Cardiac Function: From Bench to Bedside

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Endocrinology
• Molecular Biology

Background:

• Thyroid hormones (THs) are crucial regulators of cellular and organ function.
• THs significantly influence the cardiovascular system, affecting heart rate, contractility, and vascular resistance.
• Both genomic and non-genomic pathways mediate the cardiovascular effects of THs on cardiomyocytes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the current understanding of thyroid hormone actions on cardiac function.
• To summarize clinical manifestations and hemodynamic parameters in thyroid dysfunction-associated heart disease.
• To discuss treatment principles and drug-induced thyroid dysfunction, focusing on amiodarone.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies on thyroid hormone mechanisms in the cardiovascular system.
• Analysis of clinical data and hemodynamic parameters in hyperthyroid and hypothyroid patients.
• Examination of cardiovascular drugs affecting thyroid function and amiodarone's mechanism of thyroid toxicity.

Main Results:

• THs enhance cardiac contractility, heart rate, and systolic/diastolic function while decreasing systemic vascular resistance.
• Thyroid dysfunction significantly impacts cardiovascular hemodynamics and clinical presentation.
• Amiodarone, an antiarrhythmic agent, can induce thyroid dysfunction through specific mechanisms.

Conclusions:

• Thyroid hormones play a vital role in cardiovascular regulation via distinct molecular pathways.
• Understanding THs' cardiovascular effects is essential for managing hyperthyroid and hypothyroid heart disease.
• Further research is needed on THs' role in myocardial regeneration and metabolism.