Germline CEBPA mutation in familial acute myeloid leukemia

Myeloid Neoplasms with germline predisposition become part of 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of hematological malignancies since 2016. CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-alpha (CEBPA) is a myeloid transcription factor located in chromosome 19q. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with biallelic mutations of CEBPA AML with recurrent genetic abnormalities according to WHO classification. The inheritance of a germline CEBPA mutation predisposes to the development of AML with autosomal dominant inheritance. Familial CEBPA AML share characteristics with somatic CEBPA AML. However, a higher relapse incidence is reported. We present the case of a 46-years-old male with family history of acute leukemia who was diagnosed with single mutated CEBPA acute myeloid leukemia. The same mutation was found in two of his siblings. The clinical suspicion and proper diagnosis of familial cases is necessary, especially when a related allogenic transplant is indicated in order to select an adequate donor.