Role of gut microbiota in functional constipation

Area of Science:

• Gastroenterology and Microbiology
• Gut Microbiome Research
• Digestive Health

Background:

• Functional constipation (FC) is a prevalent gastrointestinal disorder with unclear etiology.
• Emerging evidence highlights a significant association between FC and dysbiosis of the gut microbiota.
• The gut microbiota and gut transit exhibit a bidirectional relationship, influencing each other's function.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current evidence on the role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of functional constipation.
• To elucidate the mechanisms by which gut microbiota contribute to FC development.
• To discuss the implications of gut microbiota modulation for FC management.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review of existing literature on gut microbiota and functional constipation.
• Analysis of studies investigating microbial metabolites and their impact on colonic function.
• Evaluation of therapeutic interventions targeting the gut microbiota for FC.

Main Results:

• Gut microbiota influences colonic motility, secretion, and absorption through metabolic activities.
• Key microbial metabolites involved include bile acids, short-chain fatty acids, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and methane.
• Treatments like probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and traditional Chinese medicine alter gut microbiota composition and function.

Conclusions:

• The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of functional constipation.
• Modulating the gut microbiota offers a promising therapeutic strategy for FC.
• Further research into microbial pathogenesis and therapeutic mechanisms is essential for improved FC management.