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T cell exhaustion drives osteosarcoma pathogenesis.

Cheng-Ying Sun1, Zhe Zhang1, Lei Tao1

  • 1Department of Geriatrics, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.

Annals of Translational Medicine
|November 4, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Blocking T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing 3 (TIM3) can restore CD8+ T cell function in osteosarcoma. TIM3 blockade also impaired tumor growth and altered immune cell populations in preclinical models.

Keywords:
OsteosarcomaT cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing 3 (TIM3)exhausted T cellstumor microenvironment (TME)

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Author Spotlight: Replicating Human Osteosarcoma Progression in Immunodeficient Mice for Cancer Study
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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Osteosarcoma (OS) is a rare cancer affecting primarily children and young adults.
  • Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression on tumor-infiltrating immune cells correlate with poor prognosis in OS patients.
  • A comprehensive functional assessment of tumor-infiltrating immune cells in OS is lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively assess the function of tumor-infiltrating immune cells in osteosarcoma.
  • To investigate the role of immune checkpoints, specifically T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing 3 (TIM3), in OS.
  • To evaluate the therapeutic potential of TIM3 blockade in OS.

Main Methods:

  • Isolation of CD8+ T cells from OS patient biopsy samples.
  • Utilized mass cytometry, Treg suppression assay, mixed lymphocyte reaction assay, and effector T cell functional assay.
  • Established a xenograft metastasis model in BALB/c nude mice for in vivo studies.

Main Results:

  • Macrophages and CD3+ T cells were the predominant immune cells in OS tumors, with a higher proportion of CD4+ helper T cells than CD8+ effector T cells.
  • Tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells exhibited high expression of immune checkpoint receptors (ICRs) PD-1 and TIM3, and were functionally inactive, while regulatory T cells remained intact.
  • TIM3 blockade ex vivo restored CD8+ T cell alloreactive function and in vivo impaired tumor growth, decreasing CD4+ T cells and increasing functional CD8+ T cells.

Conclusions:

  • TIM3 blockade demonstrates potential as a therapeutic strategy for osteosarcoma.
  • Further investigation in additional preclinical models is warranted to validate TIM3 blockade for OS treatment.