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Related Concept Videos

Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

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Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency...
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Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

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The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
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Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

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The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
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Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

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An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and...
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Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
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Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

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Common variable immunodeficiency disorders: What generalists should know.

A C Jeevarathnum1, A van Niekerk1, J Kriel2

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|November 4, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Primary immune deficiency disorders (PIDs) are common and often missed. Predominant antibody deficiencies (PADs), a type of PID, account for 55% of diagnoses, with common variable immunodeficiency being the most frequent symptomatic condition.

Keywords:
common variableimmune deficiencypredominant antibody deficiency

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Clinical Medicine
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Primary immune deficiency disorders (PIDs) are a group of heterogeneous genetic disorders.
  • PIDs are often underdiagnosed, leading to delayed treatment and increased morbidity.
  • Predominant antibody deficiencies (PADs) represent the most prevalent category of PIDs, accounting for 55% of all diagnosed cases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the prevalence and clinical significance of Predominant Antibody Deficiencies (PADs).
  • To underscore the underdiagnosis of Primary Immune Deficiency Disorders (PIDs).
  • To identify Common Variable Immunodeficiency Disorders (CVID) as the most common symptomatic PID requiring medical intervention.

Main Methods:

  • Review of epidemiological data on Primary Immune Deficiency Disorders.
  • Analysis of diagnostic criteria and prevalence rates for different PID subtypes.
  • Clinical case review focusing on symptomatic PIDs.

Main Results:

  • Predominant Antibody Deficiencies (PADs) constitute 55% of diagnosed immune deficiencies.
  • Immunoglobulin A (IgA) deficiency is the most common type of PID.
  • Common Variable Immunodeficiency Disorders (CVID) are the most frequent symptomatic PID encountered in clinical practice.

Conclusions:

  • PADs are a significant and common group within PIDs.
  • Increased awareness and improved diagnostic strategies are crucial for timely PID identification.
  • CVID requires specific attention due to its symptomatic nature and the need for medical therapy.