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Related Concept Videos

Base Excision Repair01:54

Base Excision Repair

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One of the common DNA damages is the chemical alteration of single bases by alkylation, oxidation, or deamination. The altered bases cause mispairing and strand breakage during replication. This type of damage causes minimal change to the DNA double helix structure and can be repaired by the base excision repair (BER) pathways. BER corrects damaged DNA sequences by removing the damaged base and restoring the original base sequence using the complementary strand as a template.
The first step of...
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Long-patch Base Excision Repair01:02

Long-patch Base Excision Repair

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Since the discovery of the two BER pathways, there has been a debate about how a cell chooses one pathway over the other and the factors determining this selection. Numerous in vitro experiments have pointed out multiple determinants for the sub-pathway selection. These are:
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Nucleotide Excision Repair01:38

Nucleotide Excision Repair

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DNA Distortion and Damage
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...
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Mismatch Repair01:20

Mismatch Repair

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Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the new strand and replacing the erroneous bases with correct nucleotides. Mismatch repair is coordinated by many proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
The Mutator Protein Family Plays a Key Role in DNA Mismatch Repair
The human genome has more than 3 billion base pairs of DNA per cell. Prior to cell division, that vast amount of genetic...
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Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

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The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
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Base-pairing and DNA Repair02:27

Base-pairing and DNA Repair

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 14, 2025

Quantitative, Real-time Analysis of Base Excision Repair Activity in Cell Lysates Utilizing Lesion-specific Molecular Beacons
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Quantitative, Real-time Analysis of Base Excision Repair Activity in Cell Lysates Utilizing Lesion-specific Molecular Beacons

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The base excision repair process: comparison between higher and lower eukaryotes.

Nagham Nafiz Hindi1, Noha Elsakrmy1, Dindial Ramotar2

  • 1Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Education City, Doha, Qatar.

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences : CMLS
|November 4, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Base excision repair (BER) maintains DNA stability by removing damaged bases. Defects in this essential pathway are linked to severe diseases, highlighting its critical role in genome integrity.

Keywords:
CancersGenome instabilityNeurodegenerative diseasesOrganismal differencesOxidative DNA damage and repairSub-pathways

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Quantitative, Real-time Analysis of Base Excision Repair Activity in Cell Lysates Utilizing Lesion-specific Molecular Beacons
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Author Spotlight: Decoding DNA Repair by Extrachromosomal NHEJ Assay and HR Assays
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • The Base Excision Repair (BER) pathway is crucial for genomic stability in all organisms.
  • BER addresses DNA lesions caused by endogenous and exogenous genotoxic agents.
  • Defects in BER are implicated in various life-threatening diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the key components of the BER pathway.
  • To provide functional insights into conserved BER proteins across different species.
  • To discuss the implications of genetic variations and gene knockouts in BER.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on BER pathway components.
  • Comparative analysis of BER mechanisms in humans, yeast, fruit flies, and nematodes.
  • Examination of genetic polymorphisms and knockout studies related to BER genes.

Main Results:

  • Detailed description of BER enzymes: DNA glycosylases, AP endonucleases, DNA polymerases, and ligases.
  • Functional insights into conserved protein cofactors involved in BER.
  • Identification of the roles of BER in maintaining eukaryotic genome integrity.

Conclusions:

  • The BER pathway is a highly conserved and essential mechanism for DNA repair.
  • Understanding BER components and their functions is vital for comprehending disease pathogenesis.
  • Further research into BER genetic variations can inform disease risk and therapeutic strategies.