Long-Term Prognosis of Asthma-Bronchiectasis Overlapped Patients: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study

Asthma and bronchiectasis are common chronic respiratory diseases, and their coexistence is frequently observed but not well investigated. Our aim was to study the effect of comorbid bronchiectasis on asthma.

A propensity score-matched cohort study was conducted using the National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort database. From 2005 to 2008, 8,034 participants with asthma were weighted based on propensity scores in a 1:3 ratio with 24,099 participants without asthma. From the asthma group, 141 participants with overlapped bronchiectasis were identified, and 7,892 participants had only asthma. Clinical outcomes of acute asthma exacerbation(s) and mortality rates were compared among the study groups.

The prevalence of bronchiectasis (1.7%) was 3 times higher in asthmatics than in the general population of Korea. Patients who had asthma comorbid with bronchiectasis experienced acute exacerbation(s) more frequently than non-comorbid patients (11.3% vs. 5.8%, P = 0.007). Time to the first acute exacerbation was also shorter in the asthmatics with bronchiectasis group (1,970.9 days vs. 2,479.7 days, P = 0.005). Although bronchiectasis was identified as a risk factor for acute exacerbation (adjusted odds ratio, 1.73; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05-2.86), there was no significant relationship between bronchiectasis and all-cause or respiratory mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.17; 95% CI, 0.67-2.04 and aHR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.11-6.08).

Comorbid bronchiectasis increases asthma-related acute exacerbation, but it does not-raise the risk of all-cause or respiratory mortality. Close monitoring and accurate diagnosis of bronchiectasis are required for patients with frequent exacerbations of asthma.