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Published on: June 13, 2021
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Positive parenting, parenting stress, and child self-regulation patterns differ across maternal demographic risk
Elizabeth M Planalp1, Amanda L Nowak2, Dianna Tran2
1Waisman Center.
Summary
Parenting styles and stress impact child self-regulation differently across demographic risk groups. Early positive parenting and low stress benefit infant regulation, with timing crucial for adolescent mothers, low-educated mothers, and high-educated mothers.
Area of Science:
- Developmental Psychology
- Family Studies
- Child Development
Background:
- Parenting influences child development, but its interplay with parenting stress and child self-regulation varies.
- Demographic factors like maternal age and education may moderate these relationships.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine the longitudinal associations between positive parenting, parenting stress, and children's self-regulation.
- To investigate how these relations differ across demographic risk groups: adolescent mothers (AM), adult low-educated mothers (LEM), and adult high-educated mothers (HEM).
Main Methods:
- A multigroup cross-lagged panel model was used with data from 682 first-time mothers and their infants.
- Positive parenting and child self-regulation were observed at multiple time points from infancy to early childhood.
- Parenting stress was assessed via questionnaires during the first two years.
Main Results:
- Adolescent mothers showed early links between positive parenting and stress, with regulation effects emerging later.
- Low-educated mothers exhibited parenting-regulation links only at later developmental stages.
- High-educated mothers displayed early associations between parenting, stress, and regulation, which diminished over time.
Conclusions:
- The findings highlight distinct developmental trajectories of parenting influences on child self-regulation based on maternal demographic risk.
- Timing of positive parenting and management of parenting stress are critical for fostering child regulatory outcomes.
- Intervention strategies may need tailoring to specific demographic groups and developmental periods.
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