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Updated: Oct 14, 2025
Quantitative Detection of Trace Explosive Vapors by Programmed Temperature Desorption Gas Chromatography-Electron Capture Detector
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Source apportionment and quantification of liquid and headspace leaks from closed system drug-transfer devices via
Amos Doepke1, Robert P Streicher1
1Health Effects Laboratory Division (HELD), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Chemical and Biochemical Monitoring Branch (CBMB), Alice Hamilton Laboratories, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America.
Abstract:
A system to differentiate and quantify liquid and headspace vapor leaks from closed system drug-transfer devices (CSTDs) is presented. CSTDs are designed to reduce or eliminate hazardous drug (HD) exposure risk when compounding and administering HDs. CSTDs may leak liquid, headspace, or a mixture of the two. The amount of HD contained in liquid and headspace leaks may be substantially different. Use of a test solution containing two VOCs with differences in ratios of VOC concentrations in the headspace and liquid enables source apportionment of leaked material. SIFT-MS was used to detect VOCs from liquid and headspace leaks in the vapor phase. Included in this report is a novel method to determine the origin and magnitude of leaks from CSTDs. A limit of leak detection of 24 μL of headspace vapor and 0.14 μL of test liquid were found using Selected Ion Flow Tube Mass Spectrometry (SIFT-MS).
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