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Related Concept Videos

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Borderline Personality Disorder is a complex and multifaceted mental health condition characterized by pervasive instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, emotions, and impulse control. This instability manifests in extreme emotional reactions, fear of abandonment, and self-destructive behaviors. The disorder significantly impacts daily functioning, often leading to distress in both personal and professional domains.
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Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
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Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) is a structured, time-limited therapeutic approach initially developed to treat depression. It integrates key concepts from psychodynamic, humanistic, and cognitive-behavioral therapies, making it a uniquely eclectic framework. The therapy is rooted in the interpersonal theories of Adolph Meyer and Harry Stack Sullivan, as well as John Bowlby's attachment theory, and focuses on the interplay between interpersonal relationships and emotional well-being.
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Self-Discrepancy and Its Effects01:29

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Self-discrepancy theory explains how people compare their actual self to their ideal and ought selves and how mismatches between these self-guides can lead to emotional distress. Developed by E. Tory Higgins, the theory distinguishes among three components of self-concept: the actual self, the ideal self, and the ought self. These refer respectively to how individuals perceive themselves, how they aspire to be, and how they believe they are obligated to be. Emotional well-being, self-esteem,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 14, 2025

Use of a Psychophysiological Script-driven Imagery Experiment to Study Trauma-related Dissociation in Borderline Personality Disorder
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Lessening of the pervasiveness of interpersonal patterns in borderline personality disorder explains symptom decrease

Ueli Kramer1,2,3, Hélène Beuchat1, Loris Grandjean1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry-CHUV, Institute of Psychotherapy, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.

Journal of Clinical Psychology
|November 4, 2021
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Summary

Problematic interpersonal patterns in borderline personality disorder (BPD) decreased with brief psychodynamic treatment. This reduction in core conflictual relationship themes (CCRT) partially explained improvements in BPD symptoms, suggesting a potential therapeutic mechanism.

Keywords:
borderline personality disorderinterpersonal patternspervasivenessprocesspsychotherapy

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Psychiatry
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Problematic interpersonal patterns are central to borderline personality disorder (BPD).
  • The Core Conflictual Relationship Theme (CCRT) method defines these patterns.
  • It remains unclear if these patterns change during therapy and if such changes impact treatment outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate changes in the pervasiveness of interpersonal patterns during brief psychodynamic treatment for BPD.
  • To determine if changes in these patterns correlate with improvements in BPD symptoms.

Main Methods:

  • Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial involving 39 clients with BPD.
  • Transcripts of early and late treatment sessions were analyzed using the CCRT method.

Main Results:

  • The pervasiveness of predominant CCRT significantly decreased throughout the brief treatment.
  • This decrease was consistent across different treatment conditions.
  • Changes in CCRT pervasiveness accounted for a small but significant portion of the reduction in BPD symptoms.

Conclusions:

  • A reduction in problematic in-session interpersonal patterns may be a key mechanism in effective BPD treatment.
  • Further controlled studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis and explore its clinical implications.