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Related Concept Videos

¹H NMR of Labile Protons: Deuterium (²H) Substitution00:48

¹H NMR of Labile Protons: Deuterium (²H) Substitution

1.0K
This lesson illustrates the role of deuterium substitution in simplifying the NMR spectrum of compounds comprising labile protons. One method employed is the use of deuterium. Amongst the three isotopes of hydrogen, deuterium (2H) has a nucleus composed of one proton and one neutron. When the D2O solvent is added to a pure dry ethanol solution, its labile proton is substituted with deuterium.
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Chemical Shift: Internal References and Solvent Effects01:17

Chemical Shift: Internal References and Solvent Effects

913
In an NMR sample, precise measurement of the absolute absorption frequencies of nuclei is difficult. A standard internal reference compound is added, and the frequency difference between the reference signal and sample signals is measured.
The internal reference compound generally used in NMR spectroscopy is tetramethylsilane (TMS). TMS is preferred because it is chemically inert, soluble in NMR solvents, and easily removable. Also, the highly shielded methyl protons in TMS yield an intense...
913
¹H NMR of Labile Protons: Temporal Resolution01:10

¹H NMR of Labile Protons: Temporal Resolution

1.3K
Protons bonded to heteroatoms such as nitrogen and oxygen exhibit a range of chemical shift values. This is due to the varying degree of hydrogen bonding between the proton and the heteroatom in other molecules. The extent of hydrogen bonding affects the electron density around the proton, thereby giving different chemical shift values for the protons in the proton NMR spectrum.
The –OH proton in alcohols typically appears in the range of δ 2 to 5 ppm but can vary depending on the specific...
1.3K
¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling01:04

¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling

1.2K
The probability of having two carbon-13 atoms next to each other is negligible because of the low natural abundance of carbon-13. Consequently, peak splitting due to carbon-carbon spin-spin coupling is not observed in spectra. However, protons up to three sigma bonds away split the carbon signal according to the n+1 rule, resulting in complicated spectra.
A broadband decoupling technique is used to simplify these complex, sometimes overlapping, signals. Broadband decoupling relies on a...
1.2K
¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)01:20

¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)

1.2K
When proton-coupled carbon-13 spectra are simplified by a broadband proton decoupling technique, structural information about the coupled protons is lost. Distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT) is a technique that provides information on the number of hydrogens attached to each carbon in a molecule. While the DEPT experiment utilizes complex pulse sequences, the pulse delay and flip angle are specifically manipulated. The resulting signals have different phases depending on...
1.2K
Spectroscopy of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives01:26

Spectroscopy of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

2.7K
Infrared spectroscopy is primarily used to determine the types of bonds and functional groups. In carboxylic acid derivatives, a typical carbonyl bond absorption is observed around 1650–1850 cm−1. For esters, the absorption is recorded at around 1740 cm−1, while acid halides show the absorption at about 1800 cm−1. Another acid derivative, the acid anhydrides, exhibit two carbonyl absorption around 1760 cm−1 and 1820 cm−1, arising from the symmetrical and...
2.7K

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Ratiometric Imaging of Extracellular pH in Dental Biofilms
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Dentin interaction with universal adhesive containing isopropanol solvent studied by solid-state NMR spectroscopy.

Yannick Coppel1, Karim Nasr2, Yann Prigent3

  • 1Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination UPR8241, CNRS, 205 Rte de Narbonne, F-31077, Toulouse Cedex 04, France.

Dental Materials : Official Publication of the Academy of Dental Materials
|November 5, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals how mild universal adhesives affect dentin. Isopropanol in adhesives reduces harmful water molecules, preserving collagen structure and improving hybrid layer formation for better dental restorations.

Keywords:
AdhesiveChemical organisationDentinIsopropanolSolid state NMRWater molecules

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Application of Light-cured Dental Adhesive Resin for Mounting Electrodes or Microdialysis Probes in Chronic Experiments
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Quasistatic Mechanical Testing for Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing Occlusal Veneers Cemented to Milled Dentin Analog Material
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Quasistatic Mechanical Testing for Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing Occlusal Veneers Cemented to Milled Dentin Analog Material
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Quasistatic Mechanical Testing for Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing Occlusal Veneers Cemented to Milled Dentin Analog Material

Published on: December 20, 2024

493

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Dental Materials
  • Adhesion Science

Background:

  • Understanding dentin-adhesive interactions is crucial for durable dental restorations.
  • Hydrolytic degradation of the dentin matrix is a significant concern for restoration longevity.
  • The role of water molecules and solvents in adhesive bonding requires further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the chemical and structural changes in dentin's mineral and collagen phases upon application of a mild universal adhesive.
  • To elucidate the specific roles of isopropanol and water molecule dynamics in this process.
  • To compare the effects of self-etch and etch-and-rinse modes on dentin-adhesive interactions.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro application of a mild universal adhesive on dentin using self-etch and etch-and-rinse modes.
  • Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was employed to analyze chemical and structural changes.
  • Assessment of mineral phase composition, collagen integrity, and water molecule dynamics.

Main Results:

  • The etch-and-rinse mode reduced inorganic apatite and reorganized the mineral phase more than the self-etch mode.
  • Isopropanol significantly decreased free water molecules in both modes, preserving collagen structure.
  • Adhesive monomers infiltrated the collagen, with no significant changes to the collagen's initial structure observed.

Conclusions:

  • Mild universal adhesives, particularly with isopropanol, can mitigate hydrolytic degradation by reducing unstable water molecules.
  • Preserving collagen integrity is key to forming a stable dentin resin hybrid layer.
  • The findings offer insights for designing more effective and durable dental adhesives.