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Updated: Oct 14, 2025

Behavioral Approaches to Studying Innate Stress in Zebrafish
Published on: May 1, 2019
Effects of crowding stress on the hypothalamo-pituitary-interrenal axis of the self-fertilizing fish, Kryptolebias
Masafumi Amano1, Noriko Amiya1, Keisuke Fukushima1
1School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan.
Abstract:
We tested whether crowding stress affects the hypothalamo-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis of the self-fertilizing fish, Kryptolebias marmoratus, which is known to be aggressive in the laboratory conditions but sometimes found as a group from a single land crab burrow in the wild. The projection of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons to the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) cells in the pituitary was confirmed by dual-label immunohistochemistry; CRH-immunoreactive (ir) fibers originating from cell bodies located in the lateral tuberal nucleus (NLT) of the hypothalamus were observed to project to ACTH-ir cells in the rostral pars distalis of the pituitary. Then, fish were reared solitary or in pairs for 14 days, and the number of CRH-ir cell bodies in the NLT of the hypothalamus and cortisol levels in the body without head region were compared. The number of CRH-ir cell bodies and cortisol levels were significantly higher in paired fish. These results indicate that crowding stress affects the HPI axis in K. marmoratus which thrive in small burrows with limited water volume.
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