Related Experiment Video
Updated: Oct 14, 2025

The Trier Social Stress Test Protocol for Inducing Psychological Stress
Published on: October 19, 2011
Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version of the COVID Stress Scale
Meltem Demirgöz Bal1, Melike Dişsiz2, Fadime Bayri Bingöl1
1Midwifery Department, Marmara University, Health Sciences Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey.
Purpose:
The aim of this study was to assess the Turkish adaptation of the COVID Stress Scale (CSS) on the basis of determining the stress caused by the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, and to test its validity and reliability.
Methods:
The English CSS was translated into Turkish using forward and backward translation. Data were collected online from 360 participants. Construct validity was evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and content validity. Pearson product-moment correlation, Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient, and test-retest methods were used to evaluate reliability.
Results:
The Turkish version of the CSS has 36 items consistent with the original scale and has five factors: COVID danger and contamination, socioeconomic consequences of COVID, COVID xenophobia, traumatic stress due to COVID, and compulsive checking for COVID. The construct validity of the Turkish version of the CSS was verified by the adjusted goodness of fit index > .85, and comparative fit index > .95. The content validity index of each item was 91%. The corrected item-total correlations of the scale ranged from .51 to .89. Internal consistency was reliable, with a Cronbach's α of .93.
Conclusion:
The Turkish version of the CSS is valid and reliable. It can be used as a measurement tool for the assessment of COVID-related stress.
Related Concept Videos
Reliability and Validity
Stress and Mental Health
Individuals with depression often experience challenges in both their personal and professional...
Psychological Responses to Stress
General State of Stress
Specifically, consider a tetrahedral element where one face, labeled XYZ, is perpendicular to the line OA, and the remaining faces align with the coordinate axes with point O as the origin. At any point, such as point O, the stress tensor can be used to determine the stress...
Self-Report Tests of Personality
Introduction to Stress and Lifestyle

