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Repugnant Conclusions.

Dean Spears1, Mark Budolfson2

  • 1Economics Department and Population Research Center, University of Texas at Austin; Economics and Planning Unit, Indian Statistical Institute - Delhi Centre; IZA; Institute for Future Studies, Stockholm.

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Population ethics research often tries to avoid the repugnant conclusion. However, this study shows that most social orderings cannot escape all instances of the repugnant conclusion, challenging its role in guiding policy.

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Area of Science:

  • Ethics
  • Philosophy
  • Social Science

Background:

  • The repugnant conclusion is a significant problem in population ethics.
  • Existing theories attempt to avoid this conclusion, often through specific formal definitions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To re-evaluate the avoidance of the repugnant conclusion in population ethics.
  • To demonstrate that conventional methods fail to escape all instances of the repugnant conclusion.

Main Methods:

  • Relaxing traditional formal definitions of the repugnant conclusion.
  • Utilizing more inclusive formalizations to analyze social orderings.
  • Proving implications of plausible social orderings under these new definitions.

Main Results:

  • A broad set of social orderings conventionally thought to avoid the repugnant conclusion do not.
  • Inclusive formalizations reveal that any plausible social ordering implies some instance of the repugnant conclusion.
  • The repugnant conclusion does not discriminate among candidate social orderings.

Conclusions:

  • Avoiding all instances of the repugnant conclusion is impossible for plausible social orderings.
  • The repugnant conclusion offers no methodological guidance for theory or policy-making.
  • Escaping the repugnant conclusion should not be a primary goal in population ethics research.