Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Social Traps01:41

Social Traps

24.2K
Social traps are negative situations where people get caught in a direction or relationship that later proves to be unpleasant, with no easy way to back out of or avoid. The concept was orignally introduced by John Platt who applied psychology to Garrett Hardin's "Tragedy of the Commons", where in New England herd owners could let their cattle graze in the common ground. This situation seems like a good idea, but an individual could have an advantage. If they owned...
24.2K
Bystander Effect02:09

Bystander Effect

9.8K
The discussion of bullying highlights the problem of witnesses not intervening to help a victim. This is a common occurrence, as the following well-publicized event demonstrates. In 1964, in Queens, New York, a 19-year-old woman named Kitty Genovese was attacked by a person with a knife near the back entrance to her apartment building and again in the hallway inside her apartment building. When the attack occurred, she screamed for help numerous times and eventually died from her stab wounds.
9.8K
Social Facilitation01:04

Social Facilitation

33.7K
Not all intergroup interactions lead to negative outcomes. Sometimes, being in a group situation can improve performance. Social facilitation occurs when an individual performs better when an audience is watching than when the individual performs the behavior alone. This typically occurs when people are performing a task for which they are skilled.
33.7K
Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Blood Flow-Limited Versus Diffusion-Limited Models00:57

Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Blood Flow-Limited Versus Diffusion-Limited Models

173
Physiological pharmacokinetic models, often called flow-limited or perfusion models, typically assume a swift drug distribution between tissue and venous blood, creating a rapid drug equilibrium. This premise is based on the idea that drug diffusion is extremely fast, and the cell membrane presents no barrier to drug permeation. In this scenario, where no drug binding occurs, the drug concentration in the tissue equals that of the venous blood leaving the tissue. This greatly simplifies the...
173
Velocity and Acceleration in Steady and Unsteady Flow01:11

Velocity and Acceleration in Steady and Unsteady Flow

201
In fluid mechanics, velocity and acceleration are key concepts for analyzing particle motion in both steady and unsteady flow. Consider a fluid particle moving along a pathline, where its velocity depends on its position and time. The particle's acceleration is obtained by differentiating the velocity with respect to time.
The acceleration can be generalized to any point in the flow, and expressed as components along three perpendicular directions, representing changes in velocity over...
201
Rapidly Varying Flow01:24

Rapidly Varying Flow

169
Rapidly varying flow (RVF) in open channels is characterized by abrupt changes in flow depth over a short distance, with the rate of depth change relative to distance often approaching unity. These flows are inherently complex due to their transient and multi-dimensional nature, making exact analysis difficult. However, approximate solutions using simplified models provide valuable insights into their behavior.Key Features of Rapidly Varying FlowRVF is commonly observed in scenarios involving...
169

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Poly(glutamic acid-<i>block</i>-tyrosine) peptides designed for gastrointestinal drug adsorption.

Journal of materials chemistry. B·2026
Same author

Peering into the crystal ball: Excess entropy scaling predicts equilibrium transport coefficients before equilibration.

The Journal of chemical physics·2026
Same author

Polymer encapsulation via initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) to enhance stability of Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<i><sub>x</sub></i> MXene-based formaldehyde sensors.

Science advances·2025
Same author

Revealing nanoscale slip within Taylor-Aris dispersion.

Nanoscale·2025
Same author

A Picture is Worth a Thousand Timesteps: Excess Entropy Scaling for Rapid Estimation of Diffusion Coefficients in Molecular-Dynamics Simulations of Fluids.

Journal of chemical theory and computation·2024
Same author

Towards realizing nano-enabled precision delivery in plants.

Nature nanotechnology·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 14, 2025

Using a Virtual Reality Walking Simulator to Investigate Pedestrian Behavior
06:38

Using a Virtual Reality Walking Simulator to Investigate Pedestrian Behavior

Published on: June 9, 2020

5.0K

Social distancing slows down steady dynamics in pedestrian flows.

Kelby B Kramer1, Gerald J Wang1

  • 1Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.

Physics of Fluids (Woodbury, N.Y. : 1994)
|November 5, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Social distancing increases pedestrian flow complexity. Simulations reveal that greater social distancing and density can lead to jamming, impacting average pedestrian speed.

More Related Videos

Trajectory Data Analyses for Pedestrian Space-time Activity Study
16:14

Trajectory Data Analyses for Pedestrian Space-time Activity Study

Published on: February 25, 2013

13.7K
Evaluating the Effect of Roadside Parking on a Dual-Direction Urban Street
14:55

Evaluating the Effect of Roadside Parking on a Dual-Direction Urban Street

Published on: January 20, 2023

3.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 14, 2025

Using a Virtual Reality Walking Simulator to Investigate Pedestrian Behavior
06:38

Using a Virtual Reality Walking Simulator to Investigate Pedestrian Behavior

Published on: June 9, 2020

5.0K
Trajectory Data Analyses for Pedestrian Space-time Activity Study
16:14

Trajectory Data Analyses for Pedestrian Space-time Activity Study

Published on: February 25, 2013

13.7K
Evaluating the Effect of Roadside Parking on a Dual-Direction Urban Street
14:55

Evaluating the Effect of Roadside Parking on a Dual-Direction Urban Street

Published on: January 20, 2023

3.6K

Area of Science:

  • Complex systems
  • Traffic dynamics
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Social distancing is a key strategy to mitigate disease spread.
  • Understanding pedestrian flow dynamics is crucial for public health.
  • Previous models often simplified pedestrian interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To model pedestrian counter-flows under confinement with social distancing.
  • To investigate the impact of density and social distancing on pedestrian flow.
  • To identify potential jamming transitions in pedestrian dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized two-dimensional particle-based simulations.
  • Modeled pedestrians as active particles with target speed and collision avoidance.
  • Systematically varied pedestrian density and social distancing levels.

Main Results:

  • Computed fundamental diagrams for pedestrian flow.
  • Demonstrated a sensitive dependence of average pedestrian speed on density and social distancing.
  • Observed a social distancing-induced jamming transition.

Conclusions:

  • Social distancing significantly alters pedestrian flow dynamics.
  • Jamming transitions can occur due to increased social distancing and density.
  • Informed planning and public health communication are vital for managing shared indoor spaces.