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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Associated Factors in Arba Minch Health and Demographic Surveillance Site,
Eskezyiaw Agedew1, Belay Boda2, Tesfaye Kanko2
1Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia.
Insights
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) affects 10.6% of adults in Arba Minch, with highland living and poor housing conditions being significant risk factors. Improving traditional housing and reducing smoke exposure are key to mitigating this respiratory illness.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Respiratory Medicine
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major global health concern, recognized as the third leading cause of death worldwide.
- The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) defines COPD as a progressive, yet preventable and treatable, airflow limitation disease.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence of COPD in the Arba Minch Health and Demographic Surveillance Site (AMU-HDSS).
- To identify factors associated with COPD in the study population.
Main Methods:
- A community-based cross-sectional study involving 615 individuals over 15 years old in AMU-HDSS.
- Spirometry was used for lung function assessment, with participants selected via random lottery.
- Binary and multivariable logistic regression analyses were employed to identify significant risk factors.
Main Results:
- The prevalence of spirometry-diagnosed COPD was 10.6%, with a higher proportion (63.8%) in highland residents.
- Significant associations with COPD included advanced age (>41 years), highland residence, elementary education, lack of separate animal housing, homes without windows, and living in traditional huts.
Conclusions:
- COPD is prevalent in highland areas, particularly among those living in traditional housing lacking adequate ventilation.
- Recommendations include improving housing conditions by adding windows, separating animal dwellings, and minimizing exposure to animal dung smoke to reduce respiratory illness.
Introduction:
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a worldwide public health problem. The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) defines COPD as a common, preventable and treatable disease characterized by progressive airflow limitation. Nowadays, COPD has become the third leading cause of death and fourth cause of mortality in the world.
Objective:
To assess chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and associated factors in Arba Minch - Health and Demographic Surveillance Site (AMU-HDSS) of Arba Minch University.
Methods:
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in AMU-HDSS among 615 individuals who were >15 years of age. Study participants were selected randomly by the lottery method. Spirometer device was used to measure lung function. Binary logistic regression analysis was computed to assess the crude association between dependent and independent variables. Finally, variables which showed association in binary logistic regression analysis and have a P-value less than 0.3 were entered into multivariable logistic regression model to identify significant factors.
Results:
The prevalence of spirometry diagnosed COPD was 10.6%. Highland residence showed higher proportion of COPD case which accounts 63.8% compared to 36.2% in lowland residence. Study participants who were in advanced age >41 years adjusted odd ratio (AOR) 3.65 (1.83, 7.28), living in highland area AOR 1.71 (1, 2.92), those who are elementary education level 2.45 (1.13, 5.28), who had no separate house for domestic animals AOR 2.84 (1.38, 5.85), having house which had no windows AOR 3.05 (5.79, 1.12) and living in traditional hut (tukulu), AOR 5.92 (1.19, 29.42) were significantly associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the study area.
Conclusion And Recommendation:
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was one of respiratory illnesses in people who live in highland and traditional house lacking windows for air circulation. Improving housing condition of traditional hut by constructing window, separating domestic animals house from humans and minimizing animal dung smoke exposure is necessary to reduce the respiratory illness.
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