A link between migraine and prolactin: the way forward

Area of Science:

• Neuroendocrinology
• Neurology
• Reproductive Endocrinology

Background:

• Migraine is a debilitating neurological disorder with a significant female predominance.
• Hormonal factors, including prolactin, are implicated in the sex-dimorphic presentation of migraine.
• Prolactin's known roles extend beyond lactation to endocrine, immune, and nervous system regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the current understanding of the relationship between prolactin and migraine.
• To explore the potential role of prolactin in the sex-specific pathophysiology of migraine.
• To identify unanswered questions and future research directions.

Main Methods:

• Focused review of existing scientific literature on prolactin and migraine.
• Analysis of studies investigating prolactin levels and prolactin receptor expression in migraine patients.
• Examination of sex-based differences in prolactin's effects on neuronal excitability and stress responses.

Main Results:

• Previous studies indicated higher prolactin levels in individuals with migraine, particularly in females.
• Recent research suggests sex-dependent expression of the prolactin receptor, with a prominent role in females.
• These findings highlight prolactin's potential contribution to migraine's sex-related differences.

Conclusions:

• Prolactin is a significant factor in understanding the sex-based differences observed in migraine.
• Further research is needed to fully elucidate prolactin's mechanisms in migraine pathophysiology.
• Investigating prolactin pathways may offer novel therapeutic targets for migraine, especially in women.