Related Experiment Video
Updated: Oct 14, 2025
08:24
The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies
Published on: August 25, 2023
843
Experimental Evidence for an Attractive p-ϕ Interaction.
Physical Review Letters
|November 5, 2021
Summary
Researchers found the first experimental evidence of a strong attractive interaction between protons and phi mesons. This discovery, from high-energy proton-proton collisions, suggests elastic scattering dominates this fundamental nuclear interaction.
Area of Science:
- Nuclear Physics
- Particle Physics
- Hadron Spectroscopy
Background:
- Understanding the interactions between hadrons is crucial for nuclear physics.
- The proton-phi (p-ϕ) interaction is not well-characterized experimentally.
- Investigating these interactions provides insights into fundamental symmetries like chiral symmetry.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide the first experimental evidence of the strong interaction between protons and phi mesons.
- To quantify the properties of the p-ϕ interaction, such as scattering length and effective range.
- To explore the role of elastic and inelastic processes in the p-ϕ interaction.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of two-particle correlations of p-ϕ and p-bar-ϕ pairs.
- Measurements conducted in high-multiplicity proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV.
- Application of the Lednický-Lyuboshits approach to extract interaction parameters.
Main Results:
- Experimental evidence for an attractive strong interaction between protons and phi mesons.
- Extraction of spin-averaged scattering length and effective range for the p-ϕ interaction.
- The imaginary part of the scattering length is found to be negligible, indicating elastic scattering dominates.
- The N-ϕ coupling constant is determined to be gN-ϕ = 0.14 ± 0.03(stat) ± 0.02(syst) using Yukawa-type potentials.
Conclusions:
- The proton-phi interaction is predominantly elastic.
- This study provides crucial experimental data for understanding hadron interactions.
- The findings are relevant for studies on chiral symmetry restoration in nuclear matter.
Related Concept Videos
01:21Factors Influencing Attraction II: Physical Attraction
23
Physical attractiveness plays a crucial role in shaping interpersonal attraction, influencing first impressions, social interactions, and long-term relationship dynamics. Psychological research consistently demonstrates that attractiveness affects social evaluations and behavioral outcomes in various contexts.Influence on Social InteractionsResearch has shown that individuals perceived as physically attractive often experience preferential treatment in social and professional settings. One...
23
01:22Factors Influencing Attraction I: Proximity
29
Proximity plays a fundamental role in shaping interpersonal attraction by increasing opportunities for interaction and fostering familiarity. Research consistently demonstrates that individuals are more likely to form social bonds with those who are physically closer to them, whether in residential settings, workplaces, or educational institutions. This effect is largely driven by the increased frequency of encounters, which facilitates the development of friendships and romantic...
29
02:12Relationship Formation
42.0K
What do you think is the single most influential factor in determining with whom you become friends and whom you form romantic relationships? You might be surprised to learn that the answer is simple: the people with whom you have the most contact. This most important factor is proximity. You are more likely to be friends with people you have regular contact with. For example, there are decades of research that shows that you are more likely to become friends with people who live in your dorm,...
42.0K
01:24Testing a Claim about Population Proportion
3.5K
A complete procedure for testing a claim about a population proportion is provided here.
There are two methods of testing a claim about a population proportion: (1) Using the sample proportion from the data where a binomial distribution is approximated to the normal distribution and (2) Using the binomial probabilities calculated from the data.
The first method uses normal distribution as an approximation to the binomial distribution. The requirements are as follows: sample size is large...
There are two methods of testing a claim about a population proportion: (1) Using the sample proportion from the data where a binomial distribution is approximated to the normal distribution and (2) Using the binomial probabilities calculated from the data.
The first method uses normal distribution as an approximation to the binomial distribution. The requirements are as follows: sample size is large...
3.5K
01:23Factors Influencing Attraction III: Similarity
26
The similarity hypothesis suggests that individuals are more likely to form relationships with others who share similar attitudes, beliefs, values, and interests. This concept has been widely studied in social psychology, demonstrating that perceived similarity fosters interpersonal attraction. In an experiment supporting this hypothesis, participants were presented with fabricated information indicating that strangers held attitudes similar to their own. The results showed that participants...
26
01:14π Electron Effects on Chemical Shift: Aromatic and Antiaromatic Compounds
1.4K
In aromatic compounds, such as benzene, the circulation of (4n + 2) π-electrons sets up a diamagnetic or diatropic ring current around the perimeter of the molecule. This current induces a magnetic field that opposes the external field inside the ring and reinforces it on the outside. The protons in benzene are deshielded and exhibit high chemical shifts in the range 6.5–8.5 ppm. The shielding effect at the center of the ring is evident in complex aromatic molecules, such as...
1.4K