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The nucleolus is the most prominent substructure of the nucleus. When it was first discovered, it was considered to be an isolated organelle that forms fibrils and granules. In 1931, the relationship between the nucleolus and chromosomes was first described by Heitz. He observed that the appearance and size of nucleolus varies depending on the stage of the cell cycle. He also noticed constricted regions on different chromosomes clustered together at definite cell cycle stages. These regions,...
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Related Experiment Video

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An Ex vivo Culture System to Study Thyroid Development
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Solid Thyroid Follicular Nodules With Longitudinal Nuclear Grooves.

David Suster1, A Craig Mackinnon2, Vania Nosé1

  • 1From the Departments of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (D. Suster, Nosé).

Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine
|November 5, 2021
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Atypical follicular thyroid nodules with nuclear grooves appear to be indolent proliferations. These findings help distinguish them from malignant thyroid cancers, aiding diagnosis and patient management.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Surgical Pathology
  • Molecular Diagnostics

Background:

  • Follicular thyroid nodules present diagnostic challenges, especially those with atypical features like nuclear grooves.
  • Distinguishing these atypical lesions from benign and malignant counterparts is crucial for appropriate patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the clinicopathologic features of atypical follicular thyroid nodules with prominent nuclear grooves.
  • To differentiate these lesions from papillary thyroid carcinoma, follicular adenoma, and noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasms with papillary-like nuclear features.

Main Methods:

  • Histopathologic examination of 18 atypical follicular thyroid nodule cases.
  • Immunohistochemical staining for CK19, HBME-1, and galectin-3.
  • Next-generation sequencing (161-gene panel) on 16 cases.
  • Clinical follow-up data analysis.

Main Results:

  • All 18 cases showed a solid growth pattern and prominent longitudinal nuclear grooves.
  • Immunohistochemistry revealed variable results for CK19 and HBME-1; all cases were negative for galectin-3.
  • Next-generation sequencing identified predominantly NRAS and HRAS mutations in 12 cases.
  • Clinical follow-up (median 43.7 months) showed no evidence of recurrence or metastases.

Conclusions:

  • Lesions with these features are interpreted as low-grade, indolent follicular proliferations.
  • These findings are important for distinguishing these nodules from aggressive thyroid neoplasms.
  • Accurate classification ensures appropriate clinical management and avoids overtreatment.