Preparation of Metal Modified onto Biochar from Hazardous Waste for Arsenic Removal

Use of urban sludge, hospital sludge, and aquatic product sludge as a biochar adsorbent from wastewater treatment plants was investigated. Microwave carbonization was used to carbonize the sludge and then chemically activated at high temperatures to increase porosity and surface area. Effective of arsenic adsorption in water presents a newly designed metal doped to biochar. The biochar was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray (EDS), nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherm analyzer (BET), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Results display uniform pore sizes and high surface area (>490 m²g^-1) of the biochar. Thence, urban sludge, hospital sludge, and aquatic product sludge can be used as carbon sources. The highest amount of Fe, Mn, and Ni loading onto the biochar was determined to be 8.0%, 6.0% and 10.0%, respectively. All biochar samples have arsenic adsorption capacities positively correlated with initial concentration. The corresponding removal efficiency of As(V) is 98% and As(III) is 84% at pH 3 with an adsorption capacity of 4.12 and 3.6 mg g^-1, respectively. The adsorption capacity of As(V) and As(III) clearly decreased in the presence of PO₄^3- (2.34 and 1.46 mg g^-1, respectively). Due to competition for adsorption sites, the PO₄^3- can effectively reduce arsenic adsorption. The arsenic species adsorption-desorption recycles on biochar are also discussed.