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Reassessing associations between white matter and behaviour with multimodal microstructural imaging.

Alberto Lazari¹, Piergiorgio Salvan¹, Michiel Cottaar¹

¹Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nu_eld Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK.

Cortex; a Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior

|November 6, 2021

Summary

Investigating white matter (WM) and behavior, this study found that fractional anisotropy (FA) alone has limited predictive power. Multimodal MRI approaches reveal a broader spectrum of WM-behavior relationships, highlighting distinct biological sensitivities.

Keywords:

Bimanual coordination Cognitive control Microstructural imaging Multimodal imaging Myelin White matter

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Area of Science:

Neuroimaging
Neuroscience
Human Behavior

Background:

Established links exist between white matter (WM) and behavior.
Fractional anisotropy (FA) is commonly used but sensitive to multiple tissue properties, obscuring specific biological drivers.
Previous research often overlooks the diverse microstructural properties of WM.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess WM-behavior relationships using multimodal quantitative MRI beyond FA.
To explore if myelin-sensitive metrics reveal additional WM-behavior correlations.
To investigate common biological substrates underlying WM-behavior associations.

Main Methods:

Pre-registered assessment in 50 healthy individuals.
Utilized fractional anisotropy (FA) alongside myelin-sensitive modalities: Magnetization Transfer (MT), R1, and R2*.
Conducted joint multimodal analyses to identify common signatures.

Main Results:

FA-behavior relationships were only supported in one of three pre-registered tests.
R1, a myelin-sensitive metric, correlated with behavior where FA did not.
No significant joint multimodal signatures were detected; large sample sizes (40-200) may be needed.

Conclusions:

FA-behavior relationships are replicable but not universally generalizable across behavioral domains.
Multimodal microstructural imaging is crucial for detecting a wider range of WM-behavior relationships.
Heterogeneity in WM-behavior interactions suggests diverse underlying biological effects.