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Related Concept Videos

Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 14, 2025

Establishment of Cancer Stem Cell Cultures from Human Conventional Osteosarcoma
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Osteosarcoma: Old and New Challenges.

Akihiko Yoshida1

  • 1Department of Diagnostic Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.

Surgical Pathology Clinics
|November 7, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Diagnosing osteosarcoma is difficult due to varied histology and few biomarkers. This review details key pathologic findings and histological heterogeneity across osteosarcoma subtypes to aid general pathologists.

Area of Science:

  • Pathology
  • Oncology
  • Histology

Background:

  • Osteosarcoma diagnosis presents challenges due to diverse histological patterns.
  • A lack of specific diagnostic biomarkers complicates accurate identification for many osteosarcoma cases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize key pathologic findings of various osteosarcoma subtypes.
  • To emphasize histological heterogeneity to assist general pathologists in diagnosis.
  • To discuss differential diagnoses, distinguishing features, and molecular genetics of osteosarcoma.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on osteosarcoma pathology.
  • Detailed description and illustration of histological features for each subtype.
  • Inclusion of molecular genetic findings (MDM2, IDH, H3F3A, FOS, USP6).
Keywords:
BoneNeoplasmOsteoidOsteosarcomaSarcoma

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Main Results:

  • Key pathologic findings for high-grade central, parosteal, low-grade central, periosteal, high-grade surface, and secondary osteosarcomas are presented.
  • Histological heterogeneity within subtypes is illustrated to aid differentiation.
  • Differential diagnoses and distinguishing features, including molecular markers, are discussed for each entity.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate osteosarcoma diagnosis relies on understanding histological heterogeneity and specific subtype features.
  • Molecular genetic findings are crucial for distinguishing certain osteosarcoma subtypes.
  • The review addresses current concepts and controversies in osteosarcoma pathology.