Characteristics and influencing factors of airborne microplastics in nail salons

Area of Science:

• Environmental Science
• Occupational Health
• Polymer Science

Background:

• Airborne microplastics (MPs) are recognized environmental contaminants.
• Limited data exists on MP pollution in specialized indoor environments like nail salons.
• Nail salons may present unique sources and higher concentrations of MPs due to specific activities.

Purpose of the Study:

• To quantify airborne MP concentrations in nail salons.
• To characterize the physical properties (shape, size) and polymer composition of indoor MPs.
• To assess inhalation exposure and identify factors influencing MP levels in nail salons.

Main Methods:

• Collection of indoor and outdoor air samples from nail salons.
• Analysis of MP concentrations, physical characteristics, and polymer types.
• Estimation of annual inhalation exposure and statistical analysis of influencing factors.

Main Results:

• Average indoor MP concentration was 46 ± 55 MPs/m³.
• Predominant MP characteristics: fragments, <50 μm.
• Dominant polymers: acrylic (27%), rubber (21%), polyurethane (13%).
• Estimated annual exposure: 67,567 ± 81,782 MPs/year.
• Factors influencing concentration: air conditioning, nail treatments, plastic furnishings, occupant numbers.

Conclusions:

• Nail salons exhibit severe airborne MP pollution, distinct from other indoor environments.
• Acrylic and rubber are key polymers, suggesting contributions from nail products and flooring/furnishings.
• Air conditioning use and presence of plastic materials exacerbate MP levels.
• Occupant density also correlates with increased MP concentrations.