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Testing the mid-range model: Attachment in a high risk sample.

Samantha G Mitsven1, Emily B Prince1, Daniel S Messinger1,2,3

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Maternal responsivity is crucial for infant attachment. Both highly reactive and unresponsive parenting are linked to disorganized infant attachment, especially in high-risk environments.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Attachment Theory
  • Child Development

Background:

  • Infant attachment predicts socioemotional functioning.
  • The precise role of parental responsivity in attachment outcomes remains unclear.
  • A mid-range model suggests extreme parental behaviors (unresponsive or highly reactive) correlate with insecure/disorganized attachment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between maternal contingent responsivity and infant attachment outcomes.
  • To examine the relationship in a high-risk sample with diverse prenatal and social risk factors.
  • To test a mid-range model of responsivity in relation to attachment security, insecurity, and disorganization.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal study of 625 infant-mother pairs.
  • Utilized the Face-to-Face/Still-Face (FFSF) paradigm at 4 months to assess maternal and infant responsivity.
  • Employed the Strange Situation Procedure (SSP) at 18 months to evaluate infant attachment classifications.

Main Results:

  • Maternal responsivity showed a curvilinear association with attachment disorganization; both very high (reactive) and very low (unresponsive) responsivity predicted disorganized attachment.
  • No significant associations were found between maternal responsivity and attachment security or insecurity.
  • Infant responsivity to the mother was not associated with any attachment outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Mid-range maternal responsivity is important for developing organized attachment in infants.
  • Findings highlight the critical role of balanced maternal responsiveness, particularly for infants facing significant risks.
  • Parental responsivity, specifically maternal responsiveness, is a key factor in infant attachment development, with implications for intervention strategies.