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Induction of Invasive Transitional Cell Bladder Carcinoma in Immune Intact Human MUC1 Transgenic Mice: A Model for Immunotherapy Development
Published on: October 30, 2013
[Progress in treatment of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors for bladder cancer]
1Department of Urology, Lanzhou University Sencond Hospital, Key Laboratory of Gansu Province for Urological Diseases, Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Lanzhou 730030, China.
Abstract:
Because of the limited effect of traditional treatment methods such as surgical treatment, radiotherapy and chemotherapy,the emergence of immunotherapy has brought new hope for the treatment of patients with bladder cancer. As an immune checkpoint inhibitor, programmed death receptor 1/programmed death receptor-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) inhibitor has shown good anti-tumor activity and safety in the treatment of advanced bladder cancer, and has been recommended for advanced bladder cancer as second-line treatment by NCCN guidelines. PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor for the treatment of bladder cancer has covered the first-line and second-line treatment, as well as maintenance therapy after first-line chemotherapy of locally advanced or metastatic bladder cancer, adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapy of muscle-invasive bladder cancer, treatment of high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer failed by Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccine perfusion, and bladder preservation therapy of muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Some of related studies have achieved certain results, and some are in progress, both of which need to be further examined. Maybe it can provide new guidance and ideas for clinical treatment of bladder cancer.
Insights
Immunotherapy, specifically programmed death receptor 1/programmed death receptor-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) inhibitors, offers new hope for bladder cancer treatment. These inhibitors show efficacy across various stages, including advanced, muscle-invasive, and non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Immunology
- Urology
Background:
- Traditional bladder cancer treatments (surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy) have limitations.
- Immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors, presents a promising alternative.
- Programmed death receptor 1/programmed death receptor-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) inhibitors are a key class of these agents.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the role and efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in bladder cancer treatment.
- To explore the expanding applications of these inhibitors in various bladder cancer settings.
- To assess the current status and future potential of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in clinical practice.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing clinical studies and NCCN guidelines on PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors for bladder cancer.
- Analysis of treatment outcomes, safety profiles, and application scope.
- Identification of ongoing research and areas requiring further investigation.
Main Results:
- PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors demonstrate significant anti-tumor activity and safety in advanced bladder cancer.
- These inhibitors are recommended as second-line treatment for advanced bladder cancer by NCCN guidelines.
- Applications span first-line, second-line, maintenance, adjuvant, neoadjuvant, and bladder-sparing therapies.
Conclusions:
- PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors have a well-established and expanding role in bladder cancer management.
- Ongoing studies are crucial for further validating their efficacy and refining treatment strategies.
- These agents offer new guidance and therapeutic ideas for clinical bladder cancer treatment.
