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Related Concept Videos

Mass Spectrometers01:16

Mass Spectrometers

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This lesson details the instrumentation of a mass spectrometer—a physical instrument to perform mass spectrometry on analyte molecules and record the characteristic mass spectra. This is achieved via three chief functions:
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Mass Analyzers: Overview01:13

Mass Analyzers: Overview

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The mass analyzer is a crucial component of the mass spectrometer. In the ionization chamber, the vaporized sample is bombarded with a high-energy electron beam to generate a radical cation and further fragment into neutral molecules, radicals, and cations. A series of negatively charged accelerator plates accelerate the cations into the mass analyzer. The mass analyzer separates ions according to their mass-to-charge (m/z) ratios and then directs them to the detector. The common types of mass...
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Mass Spectrometry: Overview01:19

Mass Spectrometry: Overview

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Mass spectrometry is an analytical technique used to determine the molecular mass and molecular formula of a compound. The basic principle of mass spectrometry is to generate ions from the analyte molecule and measure these ion abundances against their molecular mass.  One common type of ionization, known as electrospray ionization or EI, bombards the analyte molecules in the gas phase with high-energy electron beams. The electron beams displace an electron from the molecule and leave...
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NMR Spectrometers: Overview01:20

NMR Spectrometers: Overview

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NMR spectrometers consist of a strong magnet, a radiofrequency transmitter, and a detector attached to a computer console for recording spectra of samples containing NMR-active nuclei. In first-generation NMR instruments called continuous-wave spectrometers, the resonance frequencies of the nuclei are determined by frequency-sweep or field-sweep methods. The magnetic field strength is fixed and the rf signal is swept in the former, while the radiofrequency signal is fixed and the magnetic field...
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Tandem Mass Spectrometry01:21

Tandem Mass Spectrometry

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Tandem mass spectrometry is a technique that uses multiple mass analyzers in series to obtain a higher selectivity and signal-to-noise ratio for the analyte. Instruments with multiple analyzers separated by an interaction cell enable secondary fragmentation and selected study of the fragment ions.
Secondary fragmentations occur in the interaction cell and can be induced by various factors. Fragmentation induced by collision with inert gases, such as N2, Ar, He, etc., is called collision-induced...
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Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

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The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 14, 2025

Author Spotlight: Magnetometric Characterization of Intermediates in the Solid-State Electrochemistry of Redox-Active Metal-Organic Frameworks
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The Magnetic Electron Ion Spectrometer: A Review of On-Orbit Sensor Performance, Data, Operations, and Science.

S G Claudepierre1,2, J B Blake1, A J Boyd1

  • 1Space Science Applications Laboratory, The Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, CA USA.

Space Science Reviews
|November 8, 2021
PubMed
Summary

NASA's Van Allen Probes used Magnetic Electron Ion Spectrometers (MagEIS) to study Earth's radiation belts. This review details MagEIS performance and scientific findings, aiding future space environment research.

Keywords:
Acceleration, transport, and loss of radiation belt particlesEnergetic magnetospheric particlesParticle instrument operationRelativistic electron sensors

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Area of Science:

  • Space Physics
  • Plasma Physics
  • Earth Science

Background:

  • NASA's Van Allen Probes mission provided crucial data on Earth's radiation belts.
  • Energetic and relativistic electrons and ions are key components of this environment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review the on-orbit performance, operation, and data products of the Magnetic Electron Ion Spectrometers (MagEIS) instrument suite.
  • To complement the pre-flight instrument paper by detailing in-orbit performance and characteristics.
  • To provide future researchers with detailed information on MagEIS sensors for understanding near-Earth space radiation.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of on-orbit performance data from the MagEIS instrument suite.
  • Review of operational procedures and data calibration for MagEIS.
  • Compilation of scientific results derived from MagEIS measurements.

Main Results:

  • Detailed assessment of the Magnetic Electron Ion Spectrometers (MagEIS) on-orbit performance and operational characteristics.
  • Summary of the scientific data products generated by MagEIS.
  • Highlighting discrepancies between pre-flight expectations and actual on-orbit sensor performance.

Conclusions:

  • The MagEIS instrument suite provided valuable measurements of charged particles in Earth's radiation belts.
  • Understanding the on-orbit performance of space-borne instruments like MagEIS is critical for data interpretation.
  • This review serves as a vital resource for future research into the near-Earth space radiation environment.