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L Thabet1, S Frigui1, A Mellouli1

  • 1Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale et Banque du Sang, Centre de Traumatologie et des Grands Brûlés de Ben Arous, Tunisie.

Annals of Burns and Fire Disasters
|November 8, 2021
PubMed
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Increased use of critical antibiotics like piperacillin-tazobactam correlates with higher antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a major threat to burn patients. This highlights the urgent need for antibiotic stewardship to combat rising drug resistance.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Context:

  • Antibiotic resistance poses a significant global health threat, particularly impacting immunocompromised individuals like burn patients.
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a prevalent bacterial pathogen in burn units, contributing to colonization and infection.
  • The study focuses on antibiotics of critical importance as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO).

Purpose:

  • To investigate the correlation between the consumption of WHO-critical antibiotics and antibiotic resistance patterns in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
  • To analyze antibiotic resistance rates in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from burn patients in Tunisia.
  • To identify specific antibiotic consumption trends linked to increased antimicrobial resistance.

Summary:

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  • A retrospective study in Tunisia (2012-2019) analyzed 1384 Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains, finding high resistance rates to key antibiotics (e.g., 77.1% to piperacillin-tazobactam, 74.9% to imipenem).
  • Over 81% of isolates exhibited multi-drug resistance.
  • Increased consumption of piperacillin-tazobactam was significantly associated with higher resistance to piperacillin-tazobactam, imipenem, amikacin, and multi-drug resistance.
  • Fosfomycin consumption also correlated with increased resistance to piperacillin-tazobactam and imipenem.

Impact:

  • Findings underscore the critical need for antibiotic stewardship programs in burn units to mitigate the rise of multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
  • This research provides crucial data for informing antibiotic prescribing guidelines and infection control strategies in healthcare settings.
  • Understanding these correlations can help optimize antibiotic use and preserve the efficacy of last-resort treatments for vulnerable patient populations.