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Introduction to Innate and Adaptive Immunity01:21

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The human immune system is a complex defense mechanism that protects the body from harmful pathogens and foreign substances. It comprises two crucial components: innate and adaptive immunity.
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Immunity is a crucial biological concept about our body's inherent capacity to prevent infections and diseases. A complex network of cells and tissues collectively known as the immune system facilitates this natural defense mechanism. The immune system plays an integral role in maintaining our health and well-being, shielding us from potential health threats.
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DAMPs and Innate Immune Training.

Elisa Jentho1,2, Sebastian Weis2,3

  • 1Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Inflammation Laboratory, Oeiras, Portugal.

Frontiers in Immunology
|November 8, 2021
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Innate immune memory, previously thought exclusive to adaptive immunity, can be triggered by host alarmins, not just pathogens. This "trained immunity" involves chromatin changes and myelopoiesis adaptations, offering new insights into immune responses.

Keywords:
DAMPhemeoxLDLtrained innate immunityvimentin

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cellular Biology
  • Infectious Disease

Background:

  • Adaptive immunity's memory function is crucial for faster, specific responses to re-encountered pathogens.
  • Emerging evidence reveals the innate immune system also possesses memory capabilities.
  • Innate immune memory differs from adaptive memory, involving chromatin restructuring and myelopoiesis adaptations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review experimental data on innate immune memory induced by damage-associated molecular patterns (alarmins).
  • To discuss trained immunity as a general innate immune mechanism.
  • To explore pathogen-independent trained immunity and identify open research questions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing experimental data on innate immune memory.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms, including chromatin landscape and myelopoiesis.
  • Discussion of pattern recognition receptors and signaling pathways.

Main Results:

  • Host-derived alarmins can induce innate immune memory, similar to pathogen-associated molecular patterns.
  • Innate immune memory involves epigenetic modifications and long-term changes in myeloid cell development.
  • Trained immunity appears to be a fundamental aspect of innate immune function.

Conclusions:

  • Innate immune memory, or trained immunity, can be activated by endogenous alarmins.
  • This phenomenon extends beyond pathogen recognition, highlighting a broader role in immune surveillance.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand pathogen-independent trained immunity.