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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 14, 2025

A Simple and Efficient Method for Testing Immunomodulatory Agents for Generation of Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells from Human CD14+ Monocytes

A Simple and Efficient Method for Testing Immunomodulatory Agents for Generation of Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells from Human CD14⁺ Monocytes

Published on: April 11, 2025

Transcriptomic Analysis Identifies A Tolerogenic Dendritic Cell Signature.

Harry Robertson¹, Jennifer Li¹, Hani Jieun Kim^2,3

¹Kidney Injury Group, Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia.

Frontiers in Immunology

|November 8, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers identified a novel gene signature to precisely characterize tolerogenic dendritic cells (tolDC). This discovery aids in standardizing tolDC identification for cellular therapies and understanding immune tolerance mechanisms.

Keywords:

dendritic cell gene expression profile analysis human dendritic cell liver mature dendritic cells mononuclear phagocyte cells tolerogenic dendritic cell (tolDC)transcriptomic

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Last Updated: Oct 14, 2025

A Simple and Efficient Method for Testing Immunomodulatory Agents for Generation of Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells from Human CD14+ Monocytes

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Published on: April 11, 2025

Development and Functional Characterization of Murine Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells

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Published on: May 18, 2018

Generation of Immature, Mature and Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells with Differing Metabolic Phenotypes

Generation of Immature, Mature and Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells with Differing Metabolic Phenotypes

Published on: June 22, 2016

Area of Science:

Immunology
Cellular Therapy
Transcriptomics

Background:

Dendritic cells (DCs) are crucial regulators of immune responses.
Modulating DC function offers therapeutic potential for autoimmune diseases and transplantation.
Tolerogenic DCs (tolDC) are a promising subset for inducing immune tolerance, but their characterization is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

To address the lack of a consensus genotypic definition for human tolDC.
To establish a novel, independent gene signature for tolDC characterization.
To validate the identified gene signature and explore its translational utility.

Main Methods:

Analysis of available transcriptomic data to identify differentially expressed genes in human tolDC.
Validation of the transcriptomic signature.
Exploration of gene expression differences based on tolDC generation methods.
Investigation of the gene signature's enrichment in vivo, specifically in the liver.

Main Results:

An independent set of differentially expressed genes characterizing human tolDC was identified.
The transcriptomic signature was validated, and variations based on tolDC generation methods were explored.
The identified gene signature was found to be enriched in the liver, a known tolerogenic organ.

Conclusions:

A novel gene signature provides a more precise characterization of human tolDC.
This signature can standardize tolDC identification for cellular therapy in clinical trials.
The findings enhance understanding of transcriptional regulators of immune tolerance.