Atypical esophageal granular cell tumor: Case report

Area of Science:

• Gastroenterology
• Oncology
• Pathology

Background:

• Esophageal granular cell tumors (GCTs), also known as Abrikossoff's tumors, are rare neoplasms originating from Schwann cells.
• While typically benign, a small percentage (2-3%) of GCTs can undergo malignant transformation.
• GCTs most commonly occur in the skin, subcutaneous tissue, and tongue, with 5-8% arising in the gastrointestinal tract, and one-third of these in the esophagus.

Observation:

• A 70-year-old male presented with a 3-month history of dysphagia.
• Diagnostic workup involving endoscopy and CT scans presented challenges in diagnosis.
• Histopathology and immunohistochemistry confirmed the presence of granular cells, establishing the diagnosis of esophageal GCT.

Findings:

• The case involved an uncommon presentation of an Abrikossoff's tumor in the esophagus.
• The histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses were crucial for confirming the diagnosis.
• The tumor's evolution served as a clinical observation for potential malignant transformation.

Implications:

• This case underscores the importance of considering malignant transformation in esophageal GCTs, even though they are typically benign.
• Early and accurate diagnosis through histopathology and immunohistochemistry is critical for appropriate patient management.
• Further literature review and case reporting are valuable for understanding the behavior and potential risks associated with esophageal GCTs.