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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 14, 2025

Eye-tracking to Distinguish Comprehension-based and Oculomotor-based Regressive Eye Movements During Reading
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Silent versus Reading Out Loud modes: An eye-tracking study.

Ioannis Smyrnakis1,2, Vassilios Andreadakis2, Andriani Rina3,4,5,6,7

  • 1Hellenic Mediterranean University, Greece.

Journal of Eye Movement Research
|November 8, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dyslexic readers improve with age and show a preference for reading aloud, though this shifts towards silent reading as they get older. Typical readers prefer silent reading after 4th grade.

Keywords:
Eye movementdyslexiaeye-trackingloud readingreading problemssilent reading

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Reading is a complex cognitive process.
  • Dyslexia affects reading development.
  • Understanding reading modality preferences is crucial for educational interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare silent and loud reading abilities in typical and dyslexic readers.
  • To investigate the influence of age on reading modality preference.
  • To utilize eye-tracking technology to analyze reading behavior.

Main Methods:

  • 156 students (typical and dyslexic) across three grade levels participated.
  • Participants read the same text silently and aloud.
  • Eye-tracking parameters were recorded and analyzed for both reading modes.

Main Results:

  • Typical readers generally outperformed dyslexic readers in both silent and loud reading.
  • Older typical readers showed a preference for silent reading.
  • Dyslexic readers across all ages performed better when reading aloud, with a gradual shift towards silent reading in older groups.
  • Eye-tracking data indicated improvements in dyslexic readers' parameters with age.

Conclusions:

  • Dyslexic readers' reading skills and silent reading preference improve with age.
  • Typical readers develop a strong preference for silent reading after 4th grade.
  • Eye-tracking provides valuable insights into reading processes and developmental changes in both typical and dyslexic readers.