Spinal Epidural Lipomatosis: A Comprehensive Review

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Spinal Surgery
• Radiology

Background:

• Spinal epidural lipomatosis (SEL) is a rare condition characterized by excessive epidural adipose tissue accumulation.
• SEL commonly affects the thoracic and lumbar spine, with increasing recognition in recent decades.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive review of the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of spinal epidural lipomatosis.
• To highlight recent advancements in treatment strategies for SEL.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of epidemiological data, diagnostic modalities, and therapeutic interventions for SEL.
• Analysis of current research on risk factors, pathogenesis, and clinical presentation of SEL.

Main Results:

• SEL pathogenesis is multifactorial, linked to exogenous steroid use, obesity, endogenous hormonal disease, spine surgery, and idiopathic factors.
• Potential complications include myelopathy, radiculopathy, neurogenic claudication, and severe neurological deficits.
• Minimally invasive surgical techniques represent an expanding treatment option.

Conclusions:

• SEL management is tailored to individual patient needs, focusing on symptom mitigation.
• Both conservative and surgical interventions, including minimally invasive approaches, demonstrate efficacy in managing SEL.