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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

888
Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
888
General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

General Anesthesia: Overview

323
Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
323
Stages of General Anesthesia01:22

Stages of General Anesthesia

921
Various sedation levels offer significant advantages in facilitating procedural interventions for patients undergoing medical or invasive surgical procedures. These levels span from anxiolysis to general anesthesia, providing a spectrum of sedative effects to cater to specific patient needs. Anxiolysis reduces anxiety and is achieved through minimal sedation, enabling patients to remain awake and responsive while feeling more at ease during the procedure. This level can benefit minor...
921
Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects01:12

Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects

522
While local anesthetics are generally safe and well-tolerated, they can occasionally cause adverse effects that vary in severity. Local anesthetics can induce toxicity at two distinct levels. They can either produce local effects through direct contact with the neural elements or be absorbed into the bloodstream from the injection site, leading to systemic effects.
Once absorbed into the systemic circulation, local anesthetics can affect the organs that depend on the functioning of sodium...
522

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A Neurosphere Assay to Evaluate Endogenous Neural Stem Cell Activation in a Mouse Model of Minimal Spinal Cord Injury
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Immune Function following Major Spinal Surgery and General Anesthesia.

Lance M Relland1,2, Mark Hall2,3, David P Martin1

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States.

Journal of Pediatric Intensive Care
|November 8, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Anesthetic choice did not significantly alter immune function in adolescents undergoing spinal fusion. Both total intravenous anesthesia and volatile agents caused similar, modest immune suppression due to surgery and anesthetic exposure.

Keywords:
anesthesiacytokineimmune suppressionimmunityspinal fusiontrauma

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Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Immunology
  • Pediatric Surgery

Background:

  • General anesthetics can impact immune function, particularly after surgery.
  • No prospective trials have compared total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) with volatile agents for immune effects in adolescents undergoing major spinal surgery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the effects of TIVA versus volatile agent-based anesthesia on immune function in adolescents undergoing spinal fusion.
  • To investigate changes in antigen-presenting capacity, cytokine production, and immune cell populations.

Main Methods:

  • Twenty-six adolescents undergoing spinal fusion were randomized to TIVA (propofol-remifentanil) or volatile anesthesia (desflurane-remifentanil).
  • Immune function was assessed by measuring antigen-presenting and cytokine production capacity, and cell population proportions.

Main Results:

  • Both anesthetic groups exhibited similar inflammatory responses and immune function changes, including granulocytic predominance and reduced monocyte markers.
  • A significant decrease in antigen-presenting and cytokine production capacity was observed in both groups.
  • Propofol-treated patients had lower bispectral index values, but perioperative characteristics were otherwise comparable.

Conclusions:

  • Anesthetic choice (TIVA vs. volatile) did not differentially impact immune function in this adolescent spinal fusion cohort.
  • Surgical trauma and anesthetic exposure led to measurable, modest suppression of innate and adaptive immunity.
  • Further research is needed in broader surgical populations with higher illness severity to fully understand anesthetic effects on immunity.