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Prothymosin alpha in human blood.

C Panneerselvam, A A Haritos, J Caldarella

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

|July 1, 1987

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The primary peptide cross-reacting with thymosin alpha 1 assays in human blood is prothymosin alpha, mainly found in leukocytes. This study quantifies prothymosin alpha levels in blood, revealing its significant presence beyond thymosin alpha 1.

Area of Science:

Immunology
Biochemistry
Molecular Biology

Background:

Thymosin alpha 1 is a key immunomodulatory peptide.
Radioimmunoassays (RIAs) are used to detect thymosin alpha 1.
Cross-reactivity in assays can lead to misidentification of related peptides.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify the major cross-reacting peptide in human plasma detected by thymosin alpha 1 RIA.
To quantify the levels of this peptide in human blood components.
To determine the accurate concentration of prothymosin alpha in circulation.

Main Methods:

Gel-filtration chromatography for peptide separation.
High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for purification.
Radioimmunoassay (RIA) for peptide detection and quantification.

Related Experiment Videos

Amino acid composition analysis.

Main Results:

Prothymosin alpha was identified as the major cross-reacting peptide in human plasma and leukocytes.
Less than 10% of cross-reacting material consisted of lower molecular weight thymosin alpha 1-like peptides.
Total cross-reacting material in blood was 11-14 pmol/ml (thymosin alpha 1 equivalents), with 90% in leukocytes.
Estimated prothymosin alpha content in human blood is 55-70 pmol/ml (0.6-0.8 microgram/ml) after accounting for RIA reactivity.

Conclusions:

Prothymosin alpha is the predominant thymosin alpha 1-like peptide in human blood.
Leukocytes are the main source of prothymosin alpha in circulation.
Accurate quantification of prothymosin alpha requires correction for RIA cross-reactivity.