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Genome Reconstruction Attacks Against Genomic Data-Sharing Beacons.

Kerem Ayoz1, Erman Ayday2, A Ercument Cicek3

  • 1Bilkent University.

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|November 8, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Genomic data-sharing beacons, used for privacy-preserving research, are vulnerable to genome reconstruction attacks. Attackers can rebuild a victim's genome, even with shared updates, posing significant privacy risks.

Keywords:
Genome Reconstruction AttackGenomic Data-Sharing BeaconsGenomicsPrivacy

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Bioinformatics
  • Privacy-preserving technologies

Background:

  • Genomic data sharing is crucial for big data research but faces privacy challenges.
  • The genomic data-sharing beacon protocol allows yes/no queries on allele presence.
  • Previous research identified membership inference attacks against beacon protocols.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and analyze novel privacy vulnerabilities in genomic data-sharing beacons.
  • To demonstrate the feasibility of genome reconstruction attacks on beacon data.
  • To assess the impact of genome reconstruction on subsequent privacy risks.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of beacon protocol vulnerabilities beyond membership inference.
  • Development and application of genome reconstruction techniques utilizing genomic correlations and clustering.
  • Simulation of attacks using both individual and group updates, incorporating accessible traits.
  • Evaluation of cross-beacon attack vectors using reconstructed genomes.

Main Results:

  • Genomic data-sharing beacons are vulnerable to genome reconstruction attacks.
  • Attackers can reconstruct significant portions of a victim's genome from recent beacon updates.
  • Genome reconstruction is feasible even when multiple individuals are updated simultaneously, using accessible traits.
  • Reconstructed genomes can facilitate further privacy attacks, such as membership inference on sensitive phenotype beacons.

Conclusions:

  • The security of genomic data-sharing beacons is compromised by genome reconstruction vulnerabilities.
  • Beacon operators and participants need to be aware of these advanced privacy threats.
  • Informed decisions regarding beacon content updates and data sharing practices are essential to mitigate risks.