Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Reynolds Transport Theorem

Reynolds Transport Theorem

The Reynolds transport theorem provides a framework to relate the time rate of change of an extensive property within a system to that in a control volume, which is crucial for analyzing fluid dynamics. Extensive properties, such as mass, velocity, acceleration, temperature, and momentum, can be expressed in terms of the mass of a fluid portion. These properties are called extensive because they depend on the system's size, while intensive properties are their corresponding values per unit...

Carrier Transport

Carrier Transport

The generation of electrical current in semiconductors is fundamentally driven by two mechanisms: drift and diffusion. These processes are essential for the functionality and performance of semiconductor-based devices.
Drift Current:
The drift of charge carriers is started by an external electric field (E). Charged particles, such as electrons and holes, experience an acceleration between collisions with lattice atoms. For electrons, this results in a drift velocity (vd) given by:

Entropy Change in Reversible Processes

Entropy Change in Reversible Processes

In the Carnot engine, which achieves the maximum efficiency between two reservoirs of fixed temperatures, the total change in entropy is zero. The observation can be generalized by considering any reversible cyclic process consisting of many Carnot cycles. Thus, it can be stated that the total entropy change of any ideal reversible cycle is zero.
The statement can be further generalized to prove that entropy is a state function. Take a cyclic process between any two points on a p-V diagram.

Drug Concentration Versus Time Correlation

Drug Concentration Versus Time Correlation

The plasma drug concentration-time curve is a crucial tool in pharmacokinetics, representing the drug's concentration in plasma at different time intervals post-administration. This curve illustrates the drug's journey from absorption into the systemic circulation, distribution to body tissues, and eventual elimination through excretion or biotransformation.
Two pivotal parameters are the minimum effective concentration (MEC) and the minimum toxic concentration (MTC). The MEC is the...

Passive Diffusion: Overview and Kinetics

Passive Diffusion: Overview and Kinetics

Passive diffusion is a critical process that allows small lipophilic drugs to cross the cell membrane along a concentration gradient. This mechanism's efficiency depends on four primary factors: the membrane's surface area, the drug's lipid-water partition coefficient, the concentration gradient, and the membrane's thickness.
When administered orally, drugs establish a substantial concentration gradient between the gastrointestinal (GI) lumen and the bloodstream, expediting...

Rab Cascades

Rab Cascades

Rab GTPases act in a regulated cascade during membrane fusion, helping the lipid bilayers mix. The Rab family of proteins are active when bound to GTP, and inactive when bound to GDP. Hence, they act as guanine nucleotide-dependent molecular switches. Rab-GTP recognizes and binds to long or short-range tethering proteins to capture the target vesicle. These tethers coordinate with SNAREs on the vesicle and the target membrane to assemble the trans SNARE complex that locks the mixing bilayers.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Amylase-Responsive Starch-Cellulose Nanofiber Aerogel for Rapid Visual Detection of Pancreatic Fluid Leakage.

ACS applied bio materials·2026

Same author

Biotic-Abiotic Interface Engineering for Peripheral Nerve Modulation and Repair.

Small methods·2025

Same author

<i>Bona fide</i> stochastic resonance under nonGaussian active fluctuations.

Soft matter·2023

Same author

Colossal Power Extraction from Active Cyclic Brownian Information Engines.

The journal of physical chemistry letters·2022

Same author

Nonclassical Surface Nucleation of 6CB at the Air-Liquid Interface of a 6CB Oil-in-Water Nanoemulsion.

Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids·2021

Same author

Rapid-prototyping a Brownian particle in an active bath.

Soft matter·2020

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 14, 2025

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level

Published on: September 26, 2016

Transport and Diffusion Enhancement in Experimentally Realized Non-Gaussian Correlated Ratchets.

Govind Paneru^1,2, Jin Tae Park¹, Hyuk Kyu Pak^1,2

¹Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters

|November 8, 2021

Summary

Active fluctuations in living cells enhance molecular motor transport. Sparse, finite-correlation, non-Gaussian noise bursts yield optimal particle transport and diffusion, outperforming continuous active noise.

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Advanced Techniques for Visualizing Endogenous Axonal Transport Dynamics

Author Spotlight: Advanced Techniques for Visualizing Endogenous Axonal Transport Dynamics

Published on: February 16, 2024

Controlled Synthesis and Fluorescence Tracking of Highly Uniform PolyN-isopropylacrylamide Microgels

Controlled Synthesis and Fluorescence Tracking of Highly Uniform PolyN-isopropylacrylamide Microgels

Published on: September 8, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 14, 2025

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level

Published on: September 26, 2016

Author Spotlight: Advanced Techniques for Visualizing Endogenous Axonal Transport Dynamics

Author Spotlight: Advanced Techniques for Visualizing Endogenous Axonal Transport Dynamics

Published on: February 16, 2024

Controlled Synthesis and Fluorescence Tracking of Highly Uniform PolyN-isopropylacrylamide Microgels

Controlled Synthesis and Fluorescence Tracking of Highly Uniform PolyN-isopropylacrylamide Microgels

Published on: September 8, 2016

Area of Science:

Non-equilibrium physics
Soft matter physics
Statistical mechanics

Background:

Living cells exhibit non-Gaussian active fluctuations exceeding thermal noise.
Understanding active fluctuations' impact on molecular motor transport is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

Investigate the effect of non-Gaussian noise with active bursts on particle transport.
Compare the efficiency of different noise types for particle diffusion and transport.

Main Methods:

Experimental and numerical study of an active Brownian ratchet.
Utilized a colloidal particle in an asymmetric periodic potential.
Driven by non-Gaussian noise with exponentially decaying bursts.

Main Results:

Particle velocity maximized with sparse, finite-correlation, non-Gaussian noise bursts.
Occasional active bursts enhance particle transport and diffusion more effectively.
Non-Gaussian diffusion driven by intermittent kicks is superior to continuous active Ornstein-Uhlenbeck noise.

Conclusions:

Intermittent active noise, characterized by non-Gaussianity and finite correlation, optimizes particle transport.
This finding has implications for understanding intracellular transport and designing artificial systems.