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Population ethical intuitions.

Lucius Caviola1, David Althaus2, Andreas L Mogensen3

  • 1Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States of America.

Cognition
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

People evaluate population welfare by considering both happiness and suffering. They prefer larger populations with greater total and average welfare, and view creating new happy lives positively. This impacts population ethics and global priorities.

Keywords:
AxiologyHappinessMoral judgmentPopulation ethicsSuffering

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Area of Science:

  • Moral Psychology
  • Population Ethics
  • Decision Making

Background:

  • Assessing the moral value of human populations is crucial for determining future directions.
  • Population ethics examines how to morally evaluate populations based on size and welfare.
  • Understanding human aggregation of welfare informs moral judgments about population size and quality of life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how individuals aggregate welfare across populations.
  • To determine if happiness and suffering are weighed symmetrically.
  • To examine focus on average versus total welfare and consideration of future lives.

Main Methods:

  • Nine experiments involving 5776 participants.
  • Participants evaluated hypothetical populations based on size, happiness, and suffering.
  • Analysis of moral judgments regarding population welfare and creation of new lives.

Main Results:

  • More happy individuals are needed for a net positive population.
  • Participants preferred populations with greater total and average welfare.
  • Creating new happy lives was seen as good; creating new unhappy lives was seen as bad.

Conclusions:

  • Human welfare aggregation is complex, balancing average and total welfare.
  • Moral considerations extend to potential future populations.
  • Findings inform moral psychology, philosophy, and global priority setting.