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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 14, 2025

Mitochondria and Endoplasmic Reticulum Imaging by Correlative Light and Volume Electron Microscopy
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Aggregation induced emission (AIE) materials for mitochondria imaging.

Satish Deshmukh1, Madan R Biradar2, Kiran Kharat3

  • 1Department of Chemistry, MSPMs' Deogiri College, Aurangabad, India.

Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science
|November 9, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) probes offer sensitive and specific mitochondrial labeling for cell biology. This review details three main AIEgen types for mitochondrial staining and sensing applications.

Keywords:
AIEgensBioimagingMitochondriaTetraphenyletheneTriphenylamineTriphenylphosphine

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Mitochondria are vital energy-producing organelles in eukaryotic cells.
  • Key mitochondrial functions include autophagy, reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection, and involvement in cell death.
  • Photodynamic therapy in cancer cells is another critical area of mitochondrial research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss three major types of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) probes used for mitochondrial staining.
  • To highlight the advantages of AIE probes, including specificity and sensitivity, for mitochondrial labeling.
  • To explore the structural motifs and applications of different AIEgens in mitochondrial detection and sensing.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on AIEgens for mitochondrial imaging.
  • Categorization of AIE probes based on structural motifs: tetraphenylethene (TPE)-based, triphenylphosphine (TPP) and triphenylamine (TPA)-based, and miscellaneous AIEgens.
  • Discussion of the application of these AIEgens in bioimaging, cell analysis, and cancer therapy.

Main Results:

  • Tetraphenylethene (TPE)-based AIEgens are widely used in bioimaging due to their simple structure.
  • AIEgens like triphenylphosphine (TPP) and triphenylamine (TPA) serve as novel building blocks for specific bio-probes.
  • These probes demonstrate utility in lipid droplet imaging, cell viability assays, and photodynamic cancer cell removal.

Conclusions:

  • AIE probes are effective tools for sensitive and specific mitochondrial labeling.
  • Different structural classes of AIEgens offer versatile applications in mitochondrial research and diagnostics.
  • The development of AIEgens continues to advance bioimaging and therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondria.