Related Experiment Video
Updated: Oct 14, 2025

Measuring Frailty in HIV-infected Individuals. Identification of Frail Patients is the First Step to Amelioration and Reversal of Frailty
Published on: July 24, 2013
Sex differences in type 2 diabetes mellitus prevalence among persons with HIV
Morgan Birabaharan1, Andrew Strunk2, David C Kaelber3,4
1Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.
Objective:
To examine whether type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is more common among women with HIV (WWH) than men with HIV (MWH).
Design:
A cross-sectional analysis of a demographically heterogenous population-based sample of more than 64 million patients in the United States.
Methods:
Using the Explorys (IBM) database, compare the prevalence of T2DM among men and women without HIV and influence of HIV on T2DM by sex controlling for confounding factors.
Results:
From 19 182 775 persons included in the study, 39 485 were with HIV. Rates of obesity was higher among WWH than MWH (58 vs. 35%). Prevalence of T2DM among WWH was 23% compared with 16% among MWH (P < 0.001). In sex-stratified adjusted analysis, WWH had 1.31 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.24-1.38] times the odds of having T2DM than women without HIV. Women with HIV was associated with T2DM across all demographic subgroups. In contrast, no association between HIV and T2DM was observed among men (OR 1.01; 95% CI 0.98-1.05).
Conclusion:
These data suggest that HIV confers a sex-specific increase in odds of T2DM among women but not men.
More Related Videos
06:46A High-Throughput Multiplexed Screening for Type 1 Diabetes, Celiac Diseases, and COVID-19
Published on: July 5, 2022
07:22Glycemic Impact on Knee Osteoarthritis Symptoms on Physical, Radiographic, and Inflammatory Markers among Individuals Aged 50 and Over with Diabetes
Published on: March 7, 2025
Related Concept Videos
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications
Pathophysiology of Diabetes
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
Sexually Transmitted Infections
Carbohydrate Metabolism
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in...