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Related Concept Videos

Translation01:31

Translation

16.3K
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Proteins are...
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Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

4.2K
Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
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Ribosomes01:27

Ribosomes

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Ribosomes translate genetic information encoded by messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have ribosomes. Cells that synthesize large quantities of protein—such as secretory cells in the human pancreas—can contain millions of ribosomes.
Ribosome Structure and Assembly
Ribosomes are composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins. In eukaryotes, rRNA is transcribed from genes in the nucleolus—a part of the nucleus that specializes in ribosome...
71.3K
Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

3.7K
Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique...
3.7K
Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

13.7K
Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...
13.7K
The Functions of the Skeletal System01:22

The Functions of the Skeletal System

4.9K
The most apparent functions of the skeletal system are support, protection, and movement. However, bone tissue also performs several other critical metabolic functions. For one, the bone matrix acts as a reservoir for a number of minerals important to the functioning of the body, especially calcium and phosphorus. These minerals, present in the bone tissue, can be released back into the bloodstream when required. Calcium ions, for example, are essential for muscle contractions and controlling...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 14, 2025

Software-Assisted Quantitative Measurement of Osteoarthritic Subchondral Bone Thickness
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Software-Assisted Quantitative Measurement of Osteoarthritic Subchondral Bone Thickness

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Ribosome dysfunction in osteoarthritis.

Guus G H van den Akker1, Marjolein M J Caron1, Mandy J Peffers2

  • 1Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University.

Current Opinion in Rheumatology
|November 9, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Osteoarthritis research has overlooked ribosomes, the protein-making machinery. Aberrations in ribosome function are linked to osteoarthritis, suggesting it may be a ribosomopathy, offering new treatment avenues.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cellular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • The ribosome is central to protein synthesis, a core process in molecular biology.
  • Osteoarthritis (OA) involves significant proteomic changes, yet the ribosome's role in OA pathogenesis is understudied.
  • Current understanding of OA pathogenesis focuses on the balance of tissue anabolism and catabolism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the limited literature connecting ribosome biogenesis and activity to osteoarthritis.
  • To highlight the ribosome's potential role as a driver of OA pathogenesis.
  • To propose a new framework for understanding OA as a ribosomopathy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on ribosome function and osteoarthritis.
  • Analysis of recent findings linking ribosome biogenesis and activity to OA.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge to form a novel hypothesis.

Main Results:

  • Ribosome aberrations are observed in OA, spanning from biogenesis to preferential translation.
  • Key findings include altered ribosomal RNA processing, ribosomal protein expression, and translation capacity in OA.
  • The ribosome's role in OA is more significant than previously recognized.

Conclusions:

  • Osteoarthritis can be re-conceptualized as an acquired ribosomopathy.
  • This new perspective refines the anabolism/catabolism model of OA.
  • Understanding ribosome dysfunction in OA may lead to novel disease-modifying treatments.