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Executive functions and adaptive behaviour in individuals with Down syndrome
S Onnivello1, S Colaianni1, F Pulina1
1Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialisation, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
Journal of Intellectual Disability Research : JIDR
|November 9, 2021
Summary
This study reveals executive function (EF) and adaptive behavior patterns in children with Down syndrome (DS). Working memory and inhibition skills impact communication, daily living, and socialization, informing targeted interventions for individuals with DS.
Area of Science:
- Neurodevelopmental disorders
- Developmental psychology
- Cognitive science
Background:
- Previous research on executive functions (EFs) and adaptive behavior in Down syndrome (DS) is limited, especially regarding their relationship.
- Understanding these domains is crucial for individuals with DS, impacting daily functioning and intervention strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the executive function (EF) and adaptive behavior profiles in children and adolescents with Down syndrome (DS).
- To explore age-related differences in EFs and adaptive behavior within the DS population.
- To examine the relationship between executive functions and adaptive behavior in individuals with DS.
Main Methods:
- A study involving 100 individuals with Down syndrome (DS) aged 3-16 years, divided into preschool and school-age groups.
- Parents/caregivers completed the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) and the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale (VABS).
- Data analysis focused on identifying EF and adaptive behavior patterns, age differences, and correlations between the two domains.
Main Results:
- Individuals with DS exhibit varied EF and adaptive behavior profiles, with strengths in Emotional Control and Socialization, and weaknesses in Working Memory, Communication, and Daily Living Skills.
- Preschoolers and school-age children with DS showed slight differences in EF profiles, with school-age children having additional weaknesses in Shift and Plan/Organize.
- Executive functions, particularly Working Memory and Inhibition, significantly predicted different aspects of adaptive behavior (Communication, Daily Living Skills, Socialization) in a manner that varied by age.
Conclusions:
- This study clarifies executive function and adaptive behavior profiles in Down syndrome (DS) across different age groups.
- Executive functions play a significant role in adaptive functioning for individuals with DS.
- Findings provide valuable insights for developing targeted interventions to improve adaptive skills in the DS population.
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