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Phylogenomics resolves ambiguous relationships within Aciculata (Errantia, Annelida).

Ekin Tilic1, Josefin Stiller2, Ernesto Campos3

  • 1Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Animal Ecology, University of Bonn, Germany; Marine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
|November 9, 2021
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Summary

This study resolves annelid phylogeny using phylogenomics, clarifying relationships within the large Aciculata clade and naming new groupings within Phyllodocida and Eunicida. It also highlights challenges from conflicting gene tree signals.

Keywords:
EunicidaPhyllodocidaPolychaetaTranscriptomics

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Area of Science:

  • Marine biology
  • Evolutionary biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Aciculata (Eunicida + Phyllodocida) is a major annelid clade, yet its phylogeny is poorly understood due to limited sampling in previous studies.
  • The phylogenetic placement of many Phyllodocida clades remains particularly challenging.
  • This research addresses the need for a more comprehensive understanding of annelid evolutionary history.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To resolve the phylogenetic relationships within the annelid clade Aciculata using a large-scale phylogenomic analysis.
  • To include underrepresented and enigmatic taxa to improve phylogenetic resolution.
  • To provide a robust phylogenetic framework for understanding annelid systematics and evolution.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a large-scale phylogenomic analysis using 24 transcriptomes, including 13 newly generated datasets.
  • Focused on broad taxonomic sampling within Aciculata, incorporating problematic and understudied groups.
  • Employed phylogenetic methods to analyze sequence data and infer evolutionary relationships.

Main Results:

  • Established a robust phylogeny for Aciculata, reinstating names within Eunicida (Eunicoidea, Oenonoidea) and delineating new clades within Phyllodocida (Phyllodociformia, Glyceriformia, Nereidiformia, Nephtyiformia, Aphroditiformia).
  • Phyllodociformia now includes Lacydonia, Typhloscolecidae, Lopadorrhynchidae, and Phyllodocidae; Nephtyiformia includes Nephtyidae and Pilargidae.
  • Glyceriformia is broadened to encompass Sphaerodoridae, Tomopteridae, and Glyceroidea, and the study identifies confounding signals causing conflicting gene tree topologies.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a resolved phylogeny for Aciculata, impacting annelid systematics and classification.
  • New systematic arrangements are proposed, including redefined and newly delineated clades within Phyllodocida and Eunicida.
  • The research underscores the importance of comprehensive sampling and highlights challenges posed by conflicting phylogenetic signals in phylogenomic analyses.