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Related Concept Videos

Incomplete Dominance01:43

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Gregor Mendel's work (1822 - 1884) was primarily focused on pea plants. Through his initial experiments, he determined that every gene in a diploid cell has two variants called alleles inherited from each parent. He suggested that amongst these two alleles, one allele is dominant in character and the other recessive. The combination of alleles determines the phenotype of a gene in an organism.
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In addition to multiple alleles at the same locus influencing traits, numerous genes or alleles at different locations may interact and influence phenotypes in a phenomenon called epistasis. For example, rabbit fur can be black or brown depending on whether the animal is homozygous dominant or heterozygous at a TYRP1 locus. However, if the rabbit is also homozygous recessive at a locus on the tyrosinase gene (TYR), it will have an unshaded coat that appears white, regardless of its TYRP1...
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Although Mendel chose seven unrelated traits in peas to study gene segregation, most traits involve multiple gene interactions that create a spectrum of phenotypes. When the interaction of various genes or alleles at different locations influences a phenotype, this is called epistasis. Epistasis often involves one gene masking or interfering with the expression of another (antagonistic epistasis). Epistasis often occurs when different genes are part of the same biochemical pathway. The...
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Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
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Pleiotropy is the phenomenon in which a single gene impacts multiple, seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits. For example, defects in the SOX10 gene cause Waardenburg Syndrome Type 4, or WS4, which can cause defects in pigmentation, hearing impairments, and an absence of intestinal contractions necessary for elimination. This diversity of phenotypes results from the expression pattern of SOX10 in early embryonic and fetal development. SOX10 is found in neural crest cells that form melanocytes,...
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Diploid organisms have two alleles of each gene, one from each parent, in their somatic cells. Therefore, each individual contributes two alleles to the gene pool of the population. The gene pool of a population is the sum of every allele of all genes within that population and has some degree of variation. Genetic variation is typically expressed as a relative frequency, which is the percentage of the total population that has a given allele, genotype or phenotype.
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Canine coat pigmentation genetics: a review.

L Brancalion1, B Haase2, C M Wade1

  • 1Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.

Animal Genetics
|November 9, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Canine coat colour genetics is complex, involving 15 known genes. Some coat colour genes are linked to health issues, making dog pigmentation ethically and economically significant.

Keywords:
albinismcoat colourdeafnessdogmelanocytemelanogenesispigmentation

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Animal Science
  • Veterinary Medicine

Background:

  • Canine coat colour genetics is a rapidly evolving field.
  • Fifteen genes are currently known to influence coat colour phenotypes in dogs.
  • Complex genetic interactions, including epistasis, often underlie coat colour variations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss canine coat colour phenotypes.
  • To identify the genes and variants responsible for these phenotypes.
  • To review proven health effects associated with coat colour genetics.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of canine coat colour genetics.
  • Analysis of known genes and variants affecting pigmentation.
  • Examination of studies linking coat colour genes to health impairments.

Main Results:

  • Detailed overview of 15 identified genes influencing canine coat colour.
  • Explanation of complex and epistatic genetic interactions.
  • Evidence of links between specific pigmentation genes and health issues (aural, visual, neurological).

Conclusions:

  • Canine coat colour is influenced by numerous genes with complex interactions.
  • Certain coat colour genes have significant health implications for dogs.
  • Understanding these genetic links is crucial for ethical and economic considerations in dog breeding and health.