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Catalysis

Catalysis

The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 14, 2025

Synthesis of Platinum-nickel Nanowires and Optimization for Oxygen Reduction Performance

Synthesis of Platinum-nickel Nanowires and Optimization for Oxygen Reduction Performance

Published on: April 27, 2018

Monoatomic Platinum-Embedded Hexagonal Close-Packed Nickel Anisotropic Superstructures as Highly Efficient Hydrogen

Jiabao Ding¹, Yujin Ji², Youyong Li^2,3

¹Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR 999078.

|November 9, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Platinum-embedded nickel nanosheets demonstrate enhanced hydrogen evolution catalysis. This novel anisotropic superstructure (AS) material significantly outperforms traditional platinum/carbon catalysts.

Keywords:

anisotropic nanostructures electrocatalysis hcp Ni hydrogen evolution reaction monoatomic platinum

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Electrochemistry
Nanotechnology

Background:

Rational design of platinum (Pt)-based nanostructures is crucial for catalytic applications.
Specific crystal structures of nanostructures significantly influence their performance.
Developing efficient catalysts for hydrogen evolution is a key area of research.

Purpose of the Study:

To synthesize anisotropic superstructures (ASs) of monoatomic Pt-embedded hexagonal close-packed nickel (hcp Ni) nanosheets.
To investigate the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance of these novel Pt/Ni ASs.
To elucidate the mechanism governing the enhanced catalytic activity.

Main Methods:

Synthesis of anisotropic superstructures (ASs) of monoatomic Pt-embedded hcp Ni nanosheets.
Electrochemical characterization of Pt/Ni ASs for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER).
Analysis of the dissociation-diffusion-desorption mechanism.

Main Results:

Pt/Ni ASs achieved an overpotential of 28.0 mV for a current density of 10 mA cm^-2, significantly lower than Pt/C (71.0 mV).
The mass activity of Pt/Ni ASs was 30.2 A mg_Pt^-1 at 100 mV overpotential, a 1060% increase compared to Pt/C (2.6 A mg_Pt^-1).
An unusual dissociation-diffusion-desorption mechanism was identified as crucial for efficient HER.

Conclusions:

Successfully synthesized novel Pt/Ni ASs with high efficiency for hydrogen evolution.
Demonstrated superior catalytic performance compared to conventional Pt/C catalysts.
This work offers a new strategy for designing anisotropic superstructures with embedded noble metals for catalytic applications.