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Mitigating Patient and Consumer Safety Risks When Using Conversational Assistants for Medical Information:

Timothy W Bickmore1, Stefán Ólafsson1, Teresa K O'Leary1

  • 1Khoury College of Computer Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States.

Journal of Medical Internet Research
|November 9, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Conversational AI providing medical advice poses risks. Disclaimers significantly reduce users acting on potentially harmful information, while paraphrased queries increase adherence.

Keywords:
conversational assistantconversational interfacedialogue systemdisclaimersexplainabilitygroundingmedical errormobile phonepatient safetyrisk mitigationwarnings

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Area of Science:

  • Human-Computer Interaction
  • Medical Informatics
  • Health Communication

Background:

  • Conversational assistants like Siri and Alexa present safety risks when used for medical information.
  • Prior studies highlight potential dangers in relying on AI for health advice.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate methods for mitigating risks associated with AI-generated medical information.
  • To assess the impact of disclaimers and query paraphrasing on user behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Participants posed medical queries to AI assistants, receiving varied responses (paraphrased queries, disclaimers, or none).
  • User actions and likelihood of acting on advice were recorded and analyzed.
  • Post-interaction interviews were conducted.

Main Results:

  • Users were more likely to follow advice when presented with a correct query paraphrase (P=.04).
  • Disclaimer messages significantly increased the likelihood of users consulting a physician before acting (P=.001).

Conclusions:

  • AI system designers should integrate disclaimers and query understanding feedback for medical advice.
  • Unconstrained natural language input is unsuitable for AI systems providing medical guidance.